Table 4.
Multivariable analysis of HRnV and HRnVm parameters by adjusting for age and sex
| HRV | HR2V | HR3V | ||||
| OR (95% CI) | p | OR (95% CI) | p | OR (95% CI) | p | |
| Mean NN | 0.999 (0.998–1) | 0.005* | 0.999 (0.999–1.000) | 0.005* | 1.000 (0.999–1.000) | 0.005* |
| SDNN | 0.993 (0.986–0.999) | 0.035* | 0.996 (0.992–1.000) | 0.040* | 0.998 (0.995–1.000) | 0.093 |
| RMSSD | 0.990 (0.982–0.998) | 0.011* | 0.992 (0.985–0.999) | 0.016* | 0.994 (0.988–1.000) | 0.047* |
| Skewness | 1.064 (0.995–1.138) | 0.068 | 1.082 (0.983–1.191) | 0.109 | 1.140 (1.005–1.293) | 0.042* |
| Kurtosis | 1.005 (1.000–1.011) | 0.047* | 1.008 (0.997–1.019) | 0.139 | 1.011 (0.993–1.030) | 0.238 |
| Triangular index | 0.967 (0.93–1.006) | 0.093 | 0.971 (0.940–1.002) | 0.070 | 0.982 (0.953–1.013) | 0.256 |
| NN50 | 0.993 (0.988–0.999) | 0.013* | 0.991 (0.982–0.999) | 0.030* | 0.990 (0.979–1.001) | 0.078 |
| pNN50 | 0.979 (0.963–0.996) | 0.015* | 0.986 (0.972–0.999) | 0.033* | 0.989 (0.977–1.001) | 0.063 |
| NN50n | – | – | 0.983 (0.964–1.002) | 0.081 | 0.954 (0.906–1.005) | 0.077 |
| pNN50n | – | – | 0.975 (0.947–1.004) | 0.086 | 0.952 (0.903–1.004) | 0.069 |
| Total power | 1.000 (1.000–1.000) | 0.042* | 1.000 (1.000–1.000) | 0.026* | 1.000 (1.000–1.000) | 0.104 |
| VLF power | 1.000 (1.000–1.000) | 0.167 | 1.000 (1.000–1.000) | 0.082 | 1.000 (1.000–1.000) | 0.152 |
| LF power | 1.000 (1.000–1.000) | 0.093 | 1.000 (1.000–1.000) | 0.033* | 1.000 (1.000–1.000) | 0.105 |
| HF power | 1.000 (0.999–1.000) | 0.003* | 1.000 (1.000–1.000) | 0.016* | 1.000 (1.000–1.000) | 0.101 |
| LF power norm | 1.002 (0.994–1.011) | 0.589 | 0.999 (0.990–1.007) | 0.769 | 0.994 (0.984–1.003) | 0.202 |
| HF power norm | 0.998 (0.989–1.006) | 0.589 | 1.001 (0.993–1.010) | 0.769 | 1.006 (0.997–1.016) | 0.202 |
| LF/HF | 1.039 (0.961–1.124) | 0.336 | 1.013 (0.962–1.066) | 0.620 | 0.999 (0.970–1.028) | 0.928 |
| Poincaré SD1 | 0.986 (0.975–0.997) | 0.011* | 0.989 (0.980–0.998) | 0.016* | 0.992 (0.983–1.000) | 0.047* |
| Poincaré SD2 | 0.995 (0.990–1.000) | 0.050* | 0.997 (0.994–1.000) | 0.046* | 0.998 (0.996–1.000) | 0.098 |
| SampEn | 0.852 (0.630–1.152) | 0.297 | 0.752 (0.559–1.010) | 0.058 | 1.000 (1.000–1.000) | 0.956 |
| ApEn | 1.669 (0.754–3.693) | 0.207 | 2.668 (1.139–6.246) | 0.024* | 1.507 (0.555–4.096) | 0.421 |
| DFA, α1 | 0.991 (0.593–1.654) | 0.971 | 1.072 (0.622–1.848) | 0.802 | 0.962 (0.550–1.682) | 0.891 |
| DFA, α2 | 1.499 (0.750–2.993) | 0.252 | 1.204 (0.782–1.853) | 0.400 | 1.193 (0.941–1.512) | 0.146 |
| HR2V1 | HR3V1 | HR3V2 | ||||
| OR (95% CI) | p | OR (95% CI) | p | OR (95% CI) | p | |
| Mean NN | 0.999 (0.999–1.000) | 0.005* | 1.000 (0.999–1.000) | 0.005* | 1.000 (0.999–1.000) | 0.005* |
| SDNN | 0.996 (0.993–1.000) | 0.052 | 0.998 (0.995–1.000) | 0.064 | 0.997 (0.995–1.000) | 0.049* |
| RMSSD | 0.992 (0.985–0.998) | 0.015* | 0.993 (0.986–0.999) | 0.023* | 0.993 (0.987–0.999) | 0.023* |
| Skewness | 1.066 (0.984–1.156) | 0.118 | 1.079 (0.983–1.185) | 0.108 | 1.099 (0.982–1.229) | 0.099 |
| Kurtosis | 1.007 (0.999–1.015) | 0.096 | 1.005 (0.994–1.017) | 0.377 | 1.010 (0.994–1.025) | 0.218 |
| Triangular index | 0.985 (0.960–1.010) | 0.234 | 0.985 (0.965–1.005) | 0.137 | 0.977 (0.951–1.003) | 0.088 |
| NN50 | 0.996 (0.991–1.000) | 0.047* | 0.997 (0.993–1.001) | 0.130 | 0.993 (0.986–1.001) | 0.084 |
| pNN50 | 0.986 (0.973–1.000) | 0.046* | 0.990 (0.979–1.002) | 0.111 | 0.989 (0.978–1.001) | 0.076 |
| NN50n | 0.990 (0.980–1.000) | 0.059* | 0.982 (0.963–1.001) | 0.064 | 0.975 (0.943–1.008) | 0.142 |
| pNN50n | 0.971 (0.941–1.002) | 0.063 | 0.947 (0.893–1.004) | 0.067 | 0.962 (0.915–1.012) | 0.131 |
| Total power | 1.000 (1.000–1.000) | 0.064 | 1.000 (1.000–1.000) | 0.096 | 1.000 (1.000–1.000) | 0.035* |
| VLF power | 1.000 (1.000–1.000) | 0.173 | 1.000 (1.000–1.000) | 0.180 | 1.000 (1.000–1.000) | 0.086 |
| LF power | 1.000 (1.000–1.000) | 0.100 | 1.000 (1.000–1.000) | 0.108 | 1.000 (1.000–1.000) | 0.037* |
| HF power | 1.000 (1.000–1.000) | 0.006* | 1.000 (1.000–1.000) | 0.014* | 1.000 (1.000–1.000) | 0.025* |
| LF power norm | 1.000 (0.991–1.009) | 0.960 | 0.995 (0.984–1.005) | 0.324 | 0.995 (0.985–1.005) | 0.329 |
| HF power norm | 1.000 (0.991–1.009) | 0.960 | 1.005 (0.995–1.016) | 0.324 | 1.005 (0.995–1.015) | 0.329 |
| LF/HF | 1.023 (0.968–1.081) | 0.428 | 0.999 (0.969–1.030) | 0.940 | 0.996 (0.967–1.026) | 0.786 |
| Poincaré SD1 | 0.988 (0.979–0.998) | 0.015* | 0.990 (0.981–0.999) | 0.023* | 0.990 (0.981–0.999) | 0.023* |
| Poincaré SD2 | 0.997 (0.995–1.000) | 0.059 | 0.998 (0.997–1.000) | 0.068 | 0.998 (0.996–1.000) | 0.052 |
| SampEn | 0.870 (0.632–1.197) | 0.393 | 0.842 (0.578–1.227) | 0.371 | 0.716 (0.504–1.019) | 0.064 |
| ApEn | 2.520 (1.009–6.298) | 0.048* | 1.413 (0.575–3.471) | 0.451 | 3.461 (1.201–9.971) | 0.021* |
| DFA, α1 | 0.898 (0.508–1.587) | 0.710 | 1.068 (0.555–2.058) | 0.843 | 1.005 (0.543–1.838) | 0.988 |
| DFA, α2 | 1.507 (0.751–3.025) | 0.249 | 1.500 (0.746–3.014) | 0.255 | 1.172 (0.764–1.798) | 0.467 |
HRV Heart rate variability, OR Odds ratio, CI Confidence interval, mean NN average of R-R intervals, SDNN Standard deviation of R-R intervals, RMSSD Square root of the mean squared differences between R-R intervals, NN50, the number of times that the absolute difference between 2 successive R-R intervals exceeds 50 ms; pNN50, NN50 divided by the total number of R-R intervals; NN50n, the number of times that the absolute difference between 2 successive RRnI/RRnIm sequences exceeds 50 × n ms; pNN50n, NN50n divided by the total number of RRnI/RRnIm sequences; VLF Very low frequency, LF Low frequency, HF High frequency, SD Standard deviation, SampEn Sample entropy, ApEn Approximate entropy, DFA Detrended fluctuation analysis
* p < 0.05