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. 2020 Apr 10;16:52. doi: 10.1186/s13007-020-00594-5

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© The Author(s) 2020

Open AccessThis article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated in a credit line to the data.

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Fig. 5 — Influence of sonication on transient transformation efficiency in explants of P. tabuliformis. a Effect of sonication on transient transformation using A. tumefaciens LBA4404. Needles were infected for 30 min and sonicated (5, 10, and 15 min). b Effect of sonication on transient transformation using A. tumefaciens GV3101. Needles were sonicated (5, 10, and 15 min) and infected for 30 min. c Effect of sonication on transient transformation using A. tumefaciens LBA4404. Hypocotyls were infected for 30 min and sonicated (5, 10, and 15 min). d Effect of sonication on transient transformation using A. tumefaciens GV3101. Hypocotyls were sonicated (5, 10, and 15 min) and infected for 30 min. z, no GUS expression in needles or hypocotyl fragments; s, GUS expression in single-end needle or hypocotyl cross-sections; d, GUS expression in double-end needle or hypocotyl cross-sections. Each treatment comprised 100 explants and was performed in triplicate. Data are mean ± SD