Table 31.3.

Common Non-intestinal Parasites

Parasite	Location in the Host	Clinical Signs/Lesions	Life Cycle
Nematodes
Syngamus (Fig. 31.24)	Respiratory system: trachea	Gasping, dyspnea, nodules in trachea	Direct or indirect: earthworm, slugs, snails
Oxyspirura	Special senses: eye	Conjunctivitis, found under nictating membrane	Direct or indirect: cockroaches
Cestodes	Reproductive tract: oviduct	Weight loss and lower egg production	Indirect: insect, earthworm, snail
Protozoa
Leucocytozoon	Circulatory system	Sudden death, hepatomegaly, splenomegally. Schizogony in tissues. Gametogony in erythrocytes and leukocytes	Indirect: blackflies and culicoid midges
Plasmodium	Circulatory system	Schizonts in lung and blood endothelium; merozoites: erythrocytes (displace nucleus to the side)	Indirect: mosquitoes and biting midges
Hemoproteus	Circulatory system	Schizonts in lung and blood endothelium; merozoites: erythrocytes (around nucleus)	Indirect: biting flies and midges
Cryptosporidium	Respiratory system	Bronchopneumonia	Direct