Table e2.

Viral Diseases of Domestic Chickens but of Uncertain Significance in Nondomestic Galliformes and Columbiformes

Etiology	Disease Name	Gross Lesions	Histologic Lesions	Diagnosis
DNA viruses
Gyrovirus	Chicken infectious anemia	Pale viscera, fatty and yellowish bone marrow, bursal and thymic atrophy, and hemorrhages	Severe lymphoid depletion of the thymus and bursa of Fabricius. Hypoplasia of erythrocyte and myelocyte precursors in the bone marrow.	Clinical signs, gross and microscopic lesions. Virus detection by PCR and/or isolation.
RNA viruses
Birnavirus*	Infectious bursal disease (Gumboro disease)	Edema and hemorrhage in bursa of Fabricius with subsequent atrophy. Occasional proventricular and muscle hemorrhage.	Lymphoid depletion, necrosis, interstitial edema, and lymphoid atrophy in the bursa of Fabricius	Gross and microscopic lesions and virus isolation and RT-PCR.
Coronavirus*	Infectious bronchitis	Mucosal congestion in the upper respiratory tract. The lungs may be congested and edematous and air sacs are thickened and cloudy.	Deciliation and necrosis of epithelium in the upper respiratory tract.	Virus isolation, RT-PCR, sequencing.
Reovirus**	Viral arthritis	Swelling of tibiotarsal-tarsometatarsal joint and occasional tendon rupture.	Edema of tendon sheaths, hypertrophy and hyperplasia of synoviocytes, villous proliferation of synovial membranes, and inflammation.	Virus isolation and identification, direct IF of tendons, PCR, and dot-blot hybridization.

Note that the non-domestic galliformes are presumed to be susceptible.

^*OIE, Reportable disease.

^**Also diagnosed domestic turkeys.