Table 17.2.

Examples of the Efficacy of Probiotics on RV Diarrhea in Humans

Type of analysis	Strains	No. of subjects	Effects	Reference
DRCT	VSL#3 (mix of eight probiotic strains)	224	Reduced stool frequency and improved stool consistency	Dubey et al. (2008)
DRCT	L. acidophilus and B. infantis	100	Reduction in diarrhea duration in RV-positive and negative groups	Lee et al. (2001)
DRCT	Bifilac (probiotic mix)	80	Reduced stool frequency and diarrhea duration	(Narayanappa, 2008)
RCT	L. rhamnosus 19070-2 and L. reuteri DSM 12246	69	Reduced frequency of RV antigen in feces in treated group versus control	Rosenfeldt et al. (2002)
SRCT	L. acidophilus, L. rhamnosus, B. longum, and Saccharomyces boulardii	75	Reduced diarrhea duration	Teran et al. (2009)
RCT	L. rhamnosus GG	71	Reduced diarrhea duration	Isolauri et al. (1991)
RCT	L. rhamnosus 35	23	Dose–response effect in reduction of RV shedding	Fang et al. (2009)
RCT	L. rhamnosus GG	39	Reduced diarrhea duration	Kaila et al. (1992)
DRCT	L. rhamnosus GG	220	No effect on preventing nosocomial RV infection	Mastretta et al. (2002)
RCT	L. rhamnosus GG	123	Reduction in RV diarrhea duration, no effect on bacteria-induced diarrhea	Shornikova et al. (1997a)
DRCT	L. rhamnosus (three strains)	39	Reduction in diarrhea duration, no effect on non-RV diarrhea	Szymanski et al. (2006)
DRCT	L. rhamnosus GG	81	Reduced risk of RV nosocomial diarrhea	Szajewska et al. (2001)
RCT	B. lactis Bb-12	224	No influence in diarrhea duration, decrease in RV shedding	Mao et al. (2008)
DRCT	B. lactis Bb-12	55	Reduced incidence of diarrhea and RV shedding	Saavedra et al. (1994)
DRCT	L. paracasei ST11	230	No effect in RV-induced diarrhea	Sarker et al. (2005)
RCT	L. reuteri SD 2112	40	Reduced diarrhea duration	Shornikova et al. (1997b)

RCT, randomized placebo-controlled trial; DRCT, double-blinded, randomized placebo-controlled trial; SRCT, single-blinded, randomized placebo-controlled trial.