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. 2009 Jun 5:374–418. doi: 10.1016/B978-072160561-6.50021-6

Table 18-1.

Systemic Causes of Eyelid Disorders in the Dog and Cat

DISORDER DOG CAT
Infectious blepharitis*

  • Dermatophytosis (Microsporum canis, Trichophyton spp.)

  • Leishmaniasis (Leishmania donovani, Leishmania infantum, Leishmania chagasi)

  • Trypanosomiasis (Trypanosoma brucei, Trypanosoma vivax)

  • Bartonellosis (Bartonella henselae, Bartonella spp.)

  • Dermatophytosis (Microsporum canis, Trichophyton spp.)

  • Cryptococcosis (Cryptococcus neoformans)

Parasitic blepharitis*

  • Demodicosis (Demodex canis)

  • Insect bites (spiders, fire ants, etc.)

  • Demodicosis (Demodex cati, Demodex gatoi)

  • Mange (Notoedres cati, Sarcoptes scabei var. canis)

  • Insect bites (spiders, fire ants, etc.)
Immune-mediated blepharitis*

  • Canine idiopathic granulomatous disease

  • Pemphigus complex

  • Systemic lupus erythematosus

  • Juvenile pyoderma/Juvenile cellulitis

  • Pemphigus complex

  • Systemic lupus erythematosus
Toxic blepharitis* Sulfonamide/trimethoprim toxicity (in Doberman pinschers) —
Allergic blepharitis*

  • Atopy

  • Flea bite hypersensitivity

  • Atopy

  • Food hypersensitivity

  • Flea bite hypersensitivity
Miscellaneous causes of blepharitis* Zinc responsive dermatosis —
Eyelid masses

  • Canine viral papillomatosis

  • Lymphoma

  • Systemic histiocytosis

  • Larval migrans (Cuterebra spp.)

  • Lymphoma
Ptosis

  • Pseudorabies

  • Horner's syndrome

  • Multifocal diseases affecting the oculomotor nucleus, including toxoplasmosis, distemper, mycosis, and granulomatous meningoencephalitis

 —
*

The signs of blepharitis are generalized (i.e., not cause-specific); they include dermatitis, alopecia, scales, crusts, ulcers of the skin, and conjunctivitis, chemosis, and congestion of the palpebral conjunctiva.