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. 2009 Jun 5:374–418. doi: 10.1016/B978-072160561-6.50021-6

Table 18-11.

Systemic Causes of Retinal Hemorrhage in the Dog and Cat

CAUSES DOG CAT
Infectious diseases

  • Canine distemper virus (CDV)

  • Monocytic ehrlichiosis (Ehrlichia canis) *

  • Rocky Mountain spotted fever (Rickettsia rickettsii)

  • Lyme borreliosis (Borrelia burgdorferi)

  • Blastomycosis (Blastomyces dermatitidis)

  • Coccidioidomycosis (Coccidioides immitis)

  • Feline infectious peritonitis virus (FIPV)

  • Tuberculosis (Mycobacterium bovis, Mycobacterium tuberculosis, Mycobacterium avium)

Parasitic diseases Ophthalmomyiasis interna (Diptera spp.) Ophthalmomyiasis interna
Cardiovascular diseases

  • Systemic hypertension*

  • Hyperviscosity syndrome*

  • Polycythemia*

  • Thrombocytopenia

  • Thrombopathy

  • Severe anemia

  • Systemic hypertension

  • Hyperviscosity syndrome

  • Thrombocytopenia

  • Thrombopathy

  • Severe anemia
Metabolic diseases Diabetes mellitus* Diabetes mellitus
Toxic causes Anticoagulant poisoning Megestrol acetate (may induce diabetes mellitus)
Neoplastic diseases

  • Lymphoma

  • Multiple myeloma

  • Intracranial neoplasia

  • Lymphoma

  • Intracranial neoplasia
Other systemic causes

  • Granulomatous meningoencephalitis (GME)

  • Ionizing radiation

 —
*

Has also been associated with increased tortuosity and/or dilatation of retinal blood vessels.