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. 2009 Jun 5:374–418. doi: 10.1016/B978-072160561-6.50021-6

Table 18-21.

Systemic Causes of Conjunctivitis* in Horses and Cattle

CAUSES HORSE COW
Viral diseases

  • Equine influenza

  • Equine herpes (EHV-2)

  • Equine adenovirus

  • African horse sickness

  • Bluetongue†

  • Infectious bovine rhinotracheitis (BHV-1)
Bacterial and related diseases —

  • Chlamydophila (formerly Chlamydia) psittaci ‡

  • Mycoplasma spp.†

  • Mannheimia (Pasteurella) pneumonia

  • Leptospira pomona (experimentally induced)

  • Septicemia

  • Listeriosis†

Protozoal diseases —

  • Babesiosis†

  • Trypanosoma spp.†

Fungal diseases Histoplasmosis§ —
Parasitic diseases

  • Habronemiasis§

  • Onchocerca cervicalis

Gedoelstiasis†
Immune-mediated diseases Pemphigus foliaceus —
Neoplastic diseases Lymphoma/lymphosarcoma§ —
Toxic diseases Generalized granulomatous disease Vetch poisoning
*

Associated ocular signs include ocular discharge/secretion, chemosis, congestion, and follicular hyperplasia.

†

Causes disease in both bovine and ovine species.

‡

Causes disease in ovine species.

§

May cause ulceration of the conjunctiva and thereby lead to secondary corneal irritation.