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. 2009 Jun 5:374–418. doi: 10.1016/B978-072160561-6.50021-6

Table 18-23.

Systemic Causes of Keratitis/Keratoconjunctivitis* in Horses and Cattle

CAUSES HORSE COW
Viral diseases

  • Equine viral arteritis

  • Equine influenza

  • Equine herpes (EHV-2)

  • Bovine viral diarrhea

  • Infectious bovine rhinotracheitis (BHV-1)

  • Malignant catarrhal fever†

Bacterial and related diseases Leptospirosis

  • Chlamydophila (formerly Chlamydia) psittaci ‡

  • Mycoplasma spp.†

  • Leptospira pomona (experimentally induced)

  • Mycobacterium ovis ‡

  • Listeriosis†

Protozoal diseases Trypanosoma spp.†
Fungal diseases Histoplasmosis —
Parasitic diseases

  • Habronemiasis

  • Onchocerca cervicalis

  • Gedoelstiasis†

  • Elaeophorosis
Immune-mediated diseases Combined immunodeficiency —
Toxic diseases Generalized granulomatous disease

  • Anhydrous ammonia poisoning

  • Phenothiazine poisoning
*

Associated ocular signs include epiphora and discharge, blepharospasm, conjunctival congestion, and corneal edema, vascularization, infiltration, ulceration, and pigmentation.

†

Causes disease in both bovine and ovine species.

‡

Causes disease in ovine species.