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. 2009 Jun 5:374–418. doi: 10.1016/B978-072160561-6.50021-6

Table 18-24.

Systemic Causes of Anterior Uveitis* in Horses and Cattle

CAUSES HORSE COW
Viral diseases Equine adenovirus–microscopic panuveitis Malignant catarrhal fever
Bacterial and related diseases

  • Leptospirosis†

  • Strangles (Streptococcus equi)

  • Lyme disease‡

  • Salmonellosis

  • Brucella spp.†

  • Listeriosis

  • Leptospira pomona (experimentally induced)‡

  • Mycobacterium bovis

  • Septicemia
Protozoal diseases

  • Potomac horse fever‡

  • Toxoplasmosis (suspected)

  • Trypanosoma spp.

  • Toxoplasma gondii

Parasitic diseases

  • Onchocerca cervicalis †

  • Setaria spp.

  • Dirofilaria spp.

  • Halicephalobus deletrix

Elaeophorosis
Neoplastic diseases Lymphoma/lymphosarcoma —
Other systemic causes Multiple myeloma‡ —
Foal diseases

  • Sepsis and failure of passive transfer‡

  • Tyzzer's disease‡

  • Immune-mediated hemolytic anemia‡

  • Rhodococcus equi ‡

  • Neonatal isoerythrolysis‡

  • Combined immunodeficiency

 —
*

Associated ocular signs include corneal edema, flare (hypopyon/hyphema), hypotony, miosis, ciliary injection, blepharospasm, iris congestion, and photophobia. Secondary glaucoma and lens luxation are possible sequelae. Photophobia can also be caused by equine herpesvirus 2, equine viral arteritis, Leptospira, and Onchocerca in the horse.

†

Has been implicated as a potential cause of equine recurrent uveitis.

‡

Has been shown to cause hyphema.