Table 18-6.

Systemic Causes of Uveitis in the Dog and Cat^*

CAUSES	DOG	CAT
Viral diseases	Canine distemper virus (CDV) Infectious canine hepatitis ([ICH], canine adenovirus 1 [CAV-1])† Pseudorabies	Feline infectious peritonitis virus (FIPV) Feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV) Feline leukemia virus (FeLV) Feline sarcoma virus (FeSV) (experimental infection)
Mycotic diseases	Blastomycosis (Blastomyces dermatitidis) † Coccidioidomycosis (Coccidioides immitis) † Histoplasmosis (Histoplasma capsulatum) Cryptococcosis (C. neoformans) Opportunistic deep mycoses (e.g., aspergillosis)	Cryptococcosis (Cryptococcus neoformans) Blastomycosis (B. dermatitidis) Coccidioidomycosis (C. immitis) Histoplasmosis (H. capsulatum) Candidiasis (Candida albicans)
Bacterial diseases	Monocytic ehrlichiosis (Ehrlichia canis) Infectious cyclic thrombocytopenia (Anaplasma platys) † Lyme borreliosis (Borrelia burgdorferi)	—
Protozoal diseases	Toxoplasmosis (Toxoplasma gondii) Neosporosis (Neospora caninum) American hepatozoonosis (Hepatozoon americanum) Leishmaniasis (Leishmania infantum, Leishmania chagasi) †	Toxoplasmosis (T. gondii) Trypanosomiasis (Trypanosoma brucei)
Parasitic diseases	Dirofilariasis (Dirofilaria immitis) Angiostrongylosis (Angiostrongylus vasorum) † Ophthalmomyiasis interna (Diptera spp.) Ancylostomiasis (Ancylosoma canium) †	Larval migrans (Metastrongylus spp.) Ophthalmomyiasis interna (Cuterebra spp.)
Neoplastic diseases	Systemic histiocytosis† Lymphoma† Metastatic ocular disease†	Lymphoma Metastatic ocular disease
Other systemic causes	Systemic hypertension† Hyperlipidemia† Hyperviscosity syndrome† Uveodermatologic syndrome† Ionizing radiation	Periarteritis nodosa

^*Associated ocular signs include corneal edema, flare, keratic precipitates, hypopyon and/or hyphema, hypotony, miosis, ciliary injection, blepharospasm, iris congestion, and photophobia. Secondary glaucoma and lens luxation are possible sequelae.

^†Has been reported to cause secondary glaucoma.