Table 18-8.

Systemic Diseases Causing Posterior Uveitis^* in the Dog and Cat

CAUSES	DOG	CAT
Viral diseases	Canine distemper	Feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV) Feline infectious peritonitis virus (FIPV) Feline leukemia virus (FeLV)
Bacterial diseases	Lyme borreliosis (Borrelia burgdorferi) Monocytic ehrlichiosis (Ehrlichia canis) Bartonellosis (Bartonella vinsonii ssp. berkhoffi)	Tuberculosis (Mycobacterium bovis, Mycobacterium tuberculosis, Mycobacterium avium) Bartonellosis (Bartonella henselae, Bartonella spp.)
Fungal diseases	Blastomycosis (Blastomyces dermatitidis) Coccidioidomycosis (Coccidioides immitis) Histoplasmosis (Histoplasma capsulatum) Cryptococcosis (C. neoformans) Opportunistic deep mycoses (e.g., aspergillosis)	Cryptococcosis (Cryptococcus neoformans) Blastomycosis (B. dermatitidis) Coccidioidomycosis (C. immitis) Histoplasmosis (H. capsulatum) Candidiasis (Candida albicans)
Protozoal diseases	Toxoplasmosis (Toxoplasma gondii) Neosporosis (Neospora caninum) Protothecosis (Prototheca zopfii, Prototheca wickerhamii) American hepatozoonosis (Hepatozoon americanum)	Toxoplasmosis (T. gondii)
Parasitic diseases	Ocular larval migrans (Toxocara canis)	Larval migrans (Metastrongylus spp.) Ophthalmomyiasis interna (Cuterebra spp.)
Neoplastic diseases	Lymphoma Systemic histiocytosis	Lymphoma
Other systemic causes	Sulfonamide/trimethoprim toxicity in Doberman pinschers Systemic hypertension	Periarteritis nodosa

^*Includes chorioretinitis and choroiditis. Associated signs include diffuse or multifocal retinal edema and hemorrhage, subretinal effusion and hemorrhage, vascular cuffing, and loss of vision. Retinal detachment and retinal atrophy are possible sequelae. Retinochoroiditis, which has a similar clinical presentation, is caused by canine distemper virus.