Table 3.2.
Type of Infection | Effects on Cell | Production of Infectious Virions | Examples |
---|---|---|---|
Cytocidal | Morphologic changes in cells (cytopathic effects); inhibition of protein, RNA, and DNA synthesis; cell death | Yes | Alphaherpesviruses, enteroviruses, reoviruses |
Persistent, productive | No cytopathic effect; little metabolic disturbance; cells continue to divide; may be loss of the special functions of some differentiated cells | Yes | Pestiviruses, arenaviruses, rabies virus, most retroviruses |
Persistent, non-productive | Usually nil | No, but virus may be induceda | Canine distemper virus in brain |
Transformation | Alteration in cell morphology; cells can be passaged indefinitely; may produce tumors when transplanted to experimental animals | No, oncogenic DNA viruses | Polyomavirus, adenoviruses |
Yes, oncogenic retroviruses | Murine, avian leukosis and sarcoma viruses |
By co-cultivation, irradiation, or chemical mutagens.