Table 4.
Regression results: probability of healthcare resources utilisation and cost estimation (dead at the end of the 5-year follow-up period)
| Covariates | Probability (first modelling part) |
Cost ratios (second modelling part) |
||
| Coefficient (95% CI) | SE | Coefficient (95% CI) | SE | |
| Age group (years) | ||||
| 0–49 | Reference | |||
| 50–54 | 0.150 (−0.125 to 0.426) | 0.141 | −0.112 (−0.405 to 0.180) | 0.149 |
| 55–59 | 0.134 (−0.098 to 0.366) | 0.118 | −0.093 (−0.334 to 0.147) | 0.123 |
| 60–64 | 0.129 (−0.080 to 0.338) | 0.107 | 0.000 (−0.208 to 0.209) | 0.106 |
| 65–69 | 0.129 (−0.067 to 0.326) | 0.101 | −0.011 (−0.212 to 0.189) | 0.102 |
| 70–74 | 0.107 (−0.084 to 0.298) | 0.097 | 0.016 (−0.180 to 0.213) | 0.100 |
| 75–79 | 0.128 (−0.059 to 0.315) | 0.095 | −0.005 (−0.198 to 0.189) | 0.099 |
| 80–84 | 0.132 (−0.053 to 0.318) | 0.095 | 0.056 (−0.136 to 0.247) | 0.098 |
| 85–89 | −0.048 (−0.233 to 0.137) | 0.094 | 0.066 (−0.126 to 0.257) | 0.098 |
| 90—max | −0.518 (−0.702 to −0.333) | 0.094 | 0.097 (−0.095 to 0.290) | 0.098 |
| Sex | ||||
| Male | Reference | |||
| Female | 0.048 (0.033 to 0.063) | 0.008 | 0.028 (0.014 to 0.043) | 0.007 |
| Date of admission | −0.040 (−0.042 to −0.039) | 0.001 | 0.004 (0.002 to 0.005) | 0.001 |
| SIMD quintile | ||||
| 1 | Reference | |||
| 2 | 0.033 (0.011 to 0.055) | 0.011 | 0.015 (−0.005 to 0.036) | 0.011 |
| 3 | 0.058 (0.034 to 0.082) | 0.012 | −0.008 (−0.030 to 0.015) | 0.012 |
| 4 | 0.065 (0.039 to 0.090) | 0.013 | −0.017 (−0.041 to 0.007) | 0.012 |
| 5 | 0.113 (0.088 to 0.138) | 0.013 | −0.024 (−0.049 to 0.000) | 0.012 |
| Geography | ||||
| Large urban | Reference | |||
| Other urban | −0.010 (−0.032 to 0.012) | 0.011 | −0.033 (−0.054 to −0.012) | 0.011 |
| Accessible small towns | −0.006 (−0.036 to 0.025) | 0.015 | −0.049 (−0.077 to −0.021) | 0.014 |
| Accessible rural | −0.031 (−0.060 to −0.001) | 0.015 | −0.036 (−0.064 to −0.008) | 0.014 |
| Remote small towns | −0.054 (−0.102 to −0.005) | 0.025 | 0.003 (−0.042 to 0.049) | 0.023 |
| Remote rural | −0.038 (−0.084 to 0.009) | 0.024 | −0.012 (−0.057 to 0.034) | 0.023 |
| Very remote small towns | −0.065 (−0.147 to 0.017) | 0.042 | 0.036 (−0.052 to 0.123) | 0.045 |
| Very remote rural | 0.014 (−0.051 to 0.078) | 0.033 | −0.002 (−0.068 to 0.065) | 0.034 |
| Health boards | ||||
| Great Glasgow and Clyde | Reference | |||
| Lothian | 0.029 (0.004 to 0.055) | 0.013 | 0.029 (0.006 to 0.053) | 0.012 |
| Lanarkshire | −0.052 (−0.080 to −0.023) | 0.014 | −0.034 (−0.061 to −0.008) | 0.013 |
| Ayrshire and Arran | −0.122 (−0.155 to −0.089) | 0.017 | 0.011 (−0.020 to 0.042) | 0.016 |
| Grampian | 0.075 (0.044 to 0.106) | 0.016 | −0.057 (−0.086 to −0.028) | 0.015 |
| Tayside | −0.024 (−0.056 to 0.007) | 0.016 | −0.061 (−0.089 to −0.033) | 0.014 |
| Fife | −0.028 (−0.064 to 0.008) | 0.018 | 0.047 (0.012 to 0.082) | 0.018 |
| Highland | 0.034 (−0.015 to 0.084) | 0.025 | −0.065 (−0.117 to −0.013) | 0.027 |
| Forth Valley | −0.060 (−0.099 to −0.021) | 0.020 | −0.123 (−0.161 to −0.085) | 0.019 |
| Dumfries and Galloway | −0.027 (−0.074 to 0.020) | 0.024 | −0.014 (−0.058 to 0.029) | 0.022 |
| Borders | −0.058 (−0.112 to −0.005) | 0.027 | −0.023 (−0.074 to 0.029) | 0.026 |
| Western Isles | −0.033 (−1.168 to 1.102) | 0.579 | 0.305 (−0.165 to 0.775) | 0.240 |
| Orkney | 0.191 (0.055 to 0.327) | 0.069 | −0.180 (−0.317 to −0.042) | 0.070 |
| Shetland | −0.031 (−0.170 to 0.108) | 0.071 | −0.187 (−0.323 to −0.052) | 0.069 |
| Comorbidity | ||||
| No comorbidities | Reference | |||
| 1 comorbidity | −0.176 (−0.449 to 0.097) | 0.139 | 0.147 (−0.127 to 0.422) | 0.140 |
| >1 comorbidities | −0.256 (−0.491 to −0.021) | 0.120 | 0.626 (0.401 to 0.851) | 0.115 |
SIMD, Scottish Index of Multiple Deprivation.