Table 1.
Clinical characteristics of women with oligo-amenorrhea (OA), hirsutism (H), and PCOS (OA + H) at ages 31 and 46 compared with women without PCOS symptoms.
| Character | Age | Ctrl at age 31 N = 1382–2182 at age 46 N = 1412–1613 | OA at age 31 N = 214–329 at age 46 N = 211–247 | H at age 31 N = 211–323 at age 46 N = 216–238 | PCOS at age 31 N = 74–125 at age 46 N = 75–86 | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| BMI (kg/m2) | 31 | 23.8 ± 4.3 | 24.8 ± 5.3** | 24.3 ± 4.6 | 27.3 ± 6.9*** | ||||||||
| 46 | 26.4 ± 5.3 | 27.3 ± 5.7* | 27.3 ± 6.0** | 29.1 ± 6.0*** | |||||||||
| ≥25kg/m 2 | ≥30 | ≥25 | ≥30 | ≥25 | ≥30 | ≥25 | ≥30 | ||||||
| BMI (%) | 31 | 21.8 | 8.1 | 26.1** | 12.5** | 20.2 | 12.1 | 28.1*** | 25.6*** | ||||
| 46 | 31.9 | 21.8 | 32.0 | 26.6 | 38.2 | 22.7 | 24.3*** | 43.3*** | |||||
| BMI change (kg/m2) | 14–31 | 4.4 ± 3.5 | 5.2 ± 4.4** | 4.4 ± 3.5 | 6.3 ± 4.9*** | ||||||||
| 31–46 | 2.8 ± 3.2 | 2.7 ± 3.6 | 2.9 ± 3.3 | 2.0 ± 4.1* | |||||||||
| Waist (cm) | 31 | 78.8 ± 11.8 | 80.9 ± 13.1** | 79.1 ± 11.8 | 88.0 ± 17.5*** | ||||||||
| 46 | 86.2 ± 13.1 | 88.9 ± 13.8** | 90.0 ± 14.1* | 93.3 ± 15.2** | |||||||||
| Testosterone (nmol/L) | 31 | 0.98 (0.75;1.23) | 1.11 (0.85;1.45)*** | 1.04 (0.82;1.38)** | 1.40 (1.17;1.80)*** | ||||||||
| 46 | 0.83 (0.63;1.05) | 0.81 (0.65;1.04) | 0.87 (0.69;1.16)** | 0.93 (0.72;1.17)* | |||||||||
| FAI | 31 | 2.10 (1.49;2.97) | 2.79 (1.77;4.11)*** | 2.50 (1.64;3.71)*** | 4.38 (2.75;6.79)*** | ||||||||
| 46 | 1.51 (1.06;2.15) | 1.62 (1.22;2.32)** | 1.70 (1.21;2.54)** | 1.89 (1.41;2.51)*** | |||||||||
| Age at menarche | 12.9 ± 1.26 | 13.2 ± 1.51** | 12.9 ± 1.34 | 12.4 ± 1.39 | |||||||||
| CHC use (%) | 46 | 4.1 | 3.6 | 2.5 | 4.8 | ||||||||
| 0 | ≥1 | 0 | ≥1 | 0 | ≥1 | 0 | ≥1 | ||||||
| Parity (%) | 31 | 29.3 | 70.3 | 26.6 | 73.4 | 32.5 | 67.5 | 36.8 | 63.2 | ||||
| 46 | 16.7 | 83.3 | 12.3 | 87.7 | 21.1 | 78.9 | 11.9 | 88.1 | |||||
| Infertility (%) | 31 | 15.0 | 21.2** | 15.2 | 42.6*** | ||||||||
| 46 | 16.7 | 23.0* | 21.9 | 37.0*** | |||||||||
| ≦9 | 9–12 | ≥12 | ≦9 | 9–12 | ≥12 | ≦9 | 9–12 | ≥12 | ≦9 | 9–12 | ≥12 | ||
| Education (years,%) | 31 | 1.4 | 46.3 | 52.3 | 1.8 | 41.4 | 56.7 | 2.8 | 57.3 | 39.9*** | 3.2 | 47.6 | 49.2 |
| 46 | 1.7 | 55.7 | 42.6 | 2.0 | 50.6 | 47.4 | 2.9 | 62.8 | 34.3* | 4.7 | 54.7 | 40.7 | |
| Marital status (%) | 31 | 77.7 | 76.0 | 69.4** | 75.0 | ||||||||
| 46 | 77.7 | 76.1 | 74.3 | 82.6 | |||||||||
| Smoking (regular, %) | 31 | 25.0 | 21.6 | 27.3 | 26.6 | ||||||||
| 46 | 18.4 | 11.7* | 19.4 | 23.3 | |||||||||
| Alcohol consumption (g/day) | 31 | 2.20 (0.60;5.90) | 1.70 (0.50;4.80)** | 1.95 (0.60;5.50) | 2.10 (0.65;6.55) | ||||||||
| 46 | 2.90 (0.57;8.51) | 2.10 (0.24;6.28)* | 2.27 (0.49;7.57) | 2.21 (0.11;9.24) | |||||||||
| Depressive symptoms (%) | 31 | 15.6 | 17.2 | 22.9** | 24.0* | ||||||||
| 46 | 23.4 | 25.8 | 34.5*** | 33.7* | |||||||||
| Anxiety symptoms (%) | 31 | 8.2 | 7.6 | 16.1*** | 16.1** | ||||||||
| 46 | 8.3 | 7.7 | 14.8** | 12.8 |
Abbreviations: FAI, free androgen index, CHC combined hormonal contraceptives. The data are presented as mean ± SD or median with (25% lower quartile and 75% upper quartile). ***P < .001, **P < 0.01, and *P < .05 compared with controls. The differences between the controls and different PCOS symptom groups were analyzed using Student’s t-test or Mann–Whitney U test when appropriate with the continuous variables and the differences of prevalence in women with PCOS symptoms compared to controls were analyzed using Pearson chi-square test. Number of subjects for each measurement may vary due to data availability. The missing measurement data of weight and height were displaced with by self-report of the follows proportion at age 31 34.1% and at age 46 14,4%.