Figure 1. Aβ and tau aggregation.

Two pathways for Aβ and tau monomer aggregation. In the on pathway, protein monomers sequentially aggregate to form larger structures culminating in an amyloid structure, either amyloid plaques for Aβ or NFT for tau. In the off pathway, protein monomers aggregate into oligomers – a persistent, stable, and pathogenic conformation. The upper panel was adapted from Pimplikar (2009); amyloid plaque and NFT staining adapted from Winblad and colleagues (2016).