Table 2.
Characteristics of subjects and prevalence of cardiometabolic disorders and individual components according to CK18 M65ED quartiles.
| Variables | Serum CK18 M65ED quartiles | P for trend | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Quartile 1 | Quartile 2 | Quartile 3 | Quartile 4 | ||
| n (male/female) | 71/76 | 74/73 | 90/57 | 105/42 | — |
| Age (years)§ | 39 (33–45) | 42 (34–52) | 40 (34–48) | 38 (32–52) | 0.159 |
| Body mass index (kg/m2)§ | 22.8 (20.8–24.5) | 24.1 (21.8–26.6) | 25.9 (22.9–29.3) | 27.4 (24.5–30.5) | <0.001 |
| Waist circumference (cm)§ | 76.0 (67.0–86.0) | 81.0 (71.0–95.0) | 90.1 (73.0–100.0) | 95.0 (87.6–102.9) | <0.001 |
| Systolic blood pressure (mmHg)§ | 112.0 (108.5–120.0) | 116.0 (109.0–124.0) | 119.0 (110.0–125.0) | 120.0 (114.0–128.5) | <0.001 |
| Diastolic blood pressure (mmHg)§ | 75 (70–80) | 78 (71–80.5) | 80 (73.8–84) | 80 (76–85) | <0.001 |
| Fasting plasma glucose (mmol/L)§ | 4.94 (4.61–5.3) | 5.06 (4.72–5.49) | 5.07 (4.79–5.68) | 5.33 (4.90–6.14) | <0.001 |
| 2-hour plasma glucose (mmol/L)§ | 5.98 (5.16–7.21) | 6.56 (5.44–8.05) | 6.800 (5.67–8.18) | 7.72 (6.49–10.42) | <0.001 |
| HbA1c (%)§ | 5.5 (5.3–5.7) | 5.55 (5.3–5.8) | 5.6 (5.4–5.8) | 5.7 (5.4–6.8) | <0.001 |
| Fasting insulin (μU/mL)§ | 6.50 (4.60–11.58) | 8.40 (5.09–12.30) | 10.69 (5.24–13.79) | 11.90 (10.16–16.71) | <0.001 |
| HOMA-IR§ | 1.42 (1.02–2.48) | 1.80 (1.11–2.86) | 2.44 (1.16–3.44) | 2.94 (2.38–4.78) | <0.001 |
| HOMA-B§ | 26.21 (16.27–48.58) | 29.41 (15.47–43.94) | 30.97 (15.91–57.90) | 36.34 (22.78–55.74) | 0.078 |
| Alanine aminotransferase (IU/L)§ | 14 (11–20) | 16 (11.75–23) | 22 (14–35) | 41 (24–62) | <0.001 |
| Aspartate transaminase (IU/L)§ | 18 (16–21) | 18 (16–22) | 21 (17–25) | 27 (21–32) | <0.001 |
| Gamma-glutamyl-transferase (IU/L)§ | 17 (13–26) | 19.5 (14–28) | 31 (17–41) | 40 (24–56) | <0.001 |
| Triglycerides (mmol/L)§ | 1.08 (0.77–1.45) | 1.17 (0.79–1.69) | 1.49 (1.03–2.15) | 1.74 (1.14–2.38) | <0.001 |
| Total cholesterol (mmol/L) | 4.48 ± 0.81 | 4.69 ± 0.84 | 4.82 ± 0.84 | 4.99 ± 0.85 | <0.001 |
| HDL cholesterol (mmol/L)§ | 1.31 (1.20–1.48) | 1.28 (1.11–1.47) | 1.13 (0.97–1.35) | 1.10 (0.95–1.21) | <0.001 |
| LDL cholesterol (mmol/L) | 2.77 ± 0.70 | 2.90 ± 0.69 | 2.97 ± 0.72 | 3.12 ± 0.76 | <0.001 |
| Cytokeratin 18 M65 (U/L)§ | 53.00 (43.08–62.25) | 104.69 (87.88–120.78) | 175.22 (155.98–210.06) | 412.52 (321.94–594.20) | <0.001 |
| Cardiometabolic disorders (n, %) | 29 (19.73%) | 70 (47.62%) | 90 (61.22%) | 121 (82.31%) | <0.001 |
| Obesity (n, %) | 4 (2.72%) | 11 (7.48%) | 28 (19.05%) | 45 (30.61%) | <0.001 |
| Central obesity (n, %) | 25 (17.01%) | 59 (40.14%) | 81 (55.1%) | 107 (72.79%) | <0.001 |
| Diabetes (n, %) | 1 (0.68%) | 14 (9.52%) | 19 (12.93%) | 42 (28.57%) | <0.001 |
| Dyslipidemia (n, %) | 2 (1.36%) | 29 (19.73%) | 65 (44.22%) | 78 (53.06%) | <0.001 |
| Hypertension (n, %) | 1 (0.68%) | 12 (8.16%) | 20 (13.61%) | 38 (25.85%) | <0.001 |
| No. of CD components | |||||
| One or more (n, %) | 29 (19.73%) | 70 (47.62%) | 90 (61.22%) | 122 (82.99%) | <0.001 |
| Two or more (n, %) | 0 (0%) | 29 (19.73%) | 67 (45.58%) | 90 (61.22%) | <0.001 |
| Three or more (n, %) | 0 (0%) | 11 (7.48%) | 22 (14.97%) | 38 (25.85%) | <0.001 |
| Four (n, %) | 0 (0%) | 4 (2.72%) | 6 (4.08%) | 15 (10.2%) | <0.001 |
§Log transformed before analysis. CK18: cytokeratin 18; CD: cardiometabolic disorder.