Figure 2.

Heat–mapping of area under the curve (AUC) values for binding affinity of the α-1 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) orthosteric site to α-cobratoxin (obtained from Naja kaouthia) across various vertebrate taxa. The heat–mapping scale is coloured so lower AUC values (lower potency) are cooler, while higher AUC values (higher potency) are coloured warmer. Phylogenetic tree node bars indicate error ranges. All values are n = 3 mean ± SEM, derived from K_a (binding rate) curves. Image of α-cobratoxin (α-CTx) [P01391] taken from RCSB Protein Data Base [45], adapted from previous research [46].