Table 1.

Factors important in mounting systematic control programme for PPR (personal communication—findings from a PPR workshop in 2012, Horn of Africa).

Factors	Comments
Small ruminant renew rate understood?	More studies needed
Single serotype?	Facilitates control
Mild form?	Not well known
Carrier state?	Facilitates control
Wildlife reservoir?	Facilitates control
Effective vaccines?	Nigeria 75/1 and Sungri vaccine
Vaccines induce long-lived immunity?	Facilitates control
Vaccines are safe?	Facilitates control
Vaccines are affordable and accessible?	Could be better produced at a large scale
Thermostable vaccines?	Technology available
Quality-assurance systems in place?	AU-PANVAC, as independent vaccines quality control is present in Africa, otherwise no, such quality control exist in Asia
Marked vaccines/DIVA system?	Desirable but not initially important in control programme
Vaccine production SOPs readily available?	Could be developed relatively easily
Clear epidemiological understanding?	Some deficiencies, research required: need not delay initiation of systematic control
Vaccine presentation suitable/packaging/	Small dose vials required
Robust, validated laboratory diagnostic tools for agent detection, and serology to support rapid diagnosis, surveillance and seromonitoring of vaccination?	Further development required
Pen-side rapid test available?	To be validated; not affordable to poor farmers
Laboratory networks to support technology transfer for diagnosis and surveillance?	Existent in only a few regions
World reference laboratories established and supported?	Three PPR WRL exist: CIRAD (France), CAHEC (China), and The Pirbright Institute (UK)
Vaccine delivery optimized?	Use of CAHWs, and animal marking a challenge