Table 4.

In vivo effects of deoxynivalenol in different fish species. Effects were dose dependent.

Fish	Species	Dose (mg/kg)	Exposure Time	Effects	Ref.
Rainbow trout	Oncorhynchus mykiss	1.964	23 days	Gastrointestinal and liver hemorrhaging. Probable aneamia—lower values of erythrocyte haemoglobin, corpuscular haemoglobin concentration and haemoglobin in red blood. Probable decrease in the metabolism’s intensity—decrease in glucose, cholesterol and ammonia. Lesions in the caudal kidney—severe hyaline droplet.	[122]
Rainbow trout	Oncorhynchus mykiss	0.3–2.6	8 weeks	Reduction in weight gain and growth rate. Decrease in feed intake and feed efficiency. Decrease in recovered energy, energy retention efficiency, retained nitrogen and nitrogen retention efficiency. Lower whole-body crude protein concentration. Lesions in the liver—subcapsular hemorrhage and edema, fatty infiltration and altered hepatocytes.	[123]
Rainbow trout	Salmo gairdneri	0.001–0.013	4 weeks	Reduction in feed intake and feed conversion efficiency. Reduction in weight.	[124]
Rainbow trout	Oncorhynchus mykiss	3.3 and 6.4	4 weeks	Reduction in feed intake and weight gain. Increase in respiratory burst Reduction in susceptibility to Flavobacterium psychrophilum infection.	[125]
Atlantic salmon	Salmo salar	0.5–6	8 weeks	Reduced feed intake, feed efficiency, weight gain and length. Reduced packed cell volume. Decrease in concentration of alkaline phosphatase, cholesterol, triglycerides, total proteins and albumin. Reduced vaccination response against Aeromonas salmonicidae. Increased relative weight of the liver.	[120]