Table 1.
Toxicity of selected mycotoxins.
| Mycotoxins | Effects | References |
|---|---|---|
| T-2 and HT-2 | Inhibition of DNA, RNA, and protein synthesis. Induction of mutations and apoptosis. |
[12,13,14,15] |
| DAS | Inhibition of DNA and protein synthesis. Suppression of macrophage phagocytic function. |
[16,17] |
| DON | Inhibition of DNA, RNA, and protein synthesis. Decrease of the cell proliferation. |
[18,19] |
| ZEA | Activation of the estrogen receptor. Inhibition of DNA and protein synthesis. Triggering of lipid peroxidation and cell death. |
[20,21,22] |
| BEA | Increase of the biological membrane. Loss of ionic homeostasis. Induction of lipid peroxidation. |
[14,23,24] |
| ENNs | Increase of the membrane permeability for cations. | [25] |
| AOH and AME | Single and double strand DNA breaks. Decrease of the cell proliferation. |
[26,27,28] |
| TEN | ATP hydrolysis and inhibition of ATP synthesis. | [29] |
| MPA | Inhibition of inosine 5′-monophosphate dehydrogenase. Blocking of the DNA synthesis and proliferation of both T and B lymphocytes. |
[30,31] |