| ABC | ATP-binding cassette |
| ADCC | Antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity |
| Akt | A serine/threonine-specific protein kinase |
| ATP | Adenosine triphosphate |
| CAF | Cancer-associated fibroblast |
| CDK | Cyclin-dependent kinase |
| CIC | Cancer-initiating cell |
| COX | Cyclooxygenase |
| CRPC | Castration-resistant prostate cancer |
| CSC | Cancer stem cell |
| CTL | Cytotoxic T-lymphocyte |
| CYP450 | Cytochrome P450 |
| ECM | Extracellular Matrix |
| EGF | Epidermal growth factor |
| EMT | Epithelial to mesenchymal transition |
| EV | Extracellular vesicle |
| FcR | Fragment-crystallizable receptor |
| HGF | Hepatocyte growth factor |
| HNC | Head and neck cancer |
| HSF | Heat shock factor |
| HSP | Heat shock protein |
| MDR | Multidrug resistance |
| MMP | Matrix metalloproteinase |
| MSC | Mesenchymal stem cell |
| MZF1 | Myeloid zinc finger 1 |
| NK | Natural killer |
| NKG2D | Natural killer group 2 member D |
| OMV | Outer membrane vesicles |
| OSCC | Oral squamous cell carcinoma |
| PD-1 | Programmed cell death-1 |
| PD-L1 | Programmed cell death-ligand 1 |
| PI3K | Phosphatidylinositide 3-kinase |
| RASP | Resistance-associated secretory phenotype |
| RTK | Receptor tyrosine kinase |
| TGFβ | Transforming growth factor β |
| Tumoroid | Tumor organoid |