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. 2020 Mar 24;9(3):61. doi: 10.3390/biology9030061

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© 2020 by the authors.

Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

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Simplified pathways involved in the biosynthesis of flavonoids in plants. The biosynthetic pathway is adapted from previous studies [88,89,97]. PAL, phenylalanine ammonia-lyase; C4H, cinnamate 4-hydroxylase; 4CL, 4-coumaric acid:coenzyme A ligase; CHI, chalcone flavanone isomerase; F3H, flavanone 3-hydroxylase; CHS, chalcone synthase, DFR, dihydroflavonol 4-reductase; AS, anthocyanin synthase; IFS, isoflavonoid synthase; FLS, flavonol synthase; UF3GT, UDP-glucose: flavonoid 3-0-glucosyl-transferase.