Table 4.
Interventional studies investigating the effect of vitamin K in CKD.
| Patients | Treatment | Study Design | Main Results | Ref. |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CKD stage 3–5 (n = 42) |
90 μg/d MK-7 + 10 μg/d cholecalciferol, or 10 μg/d cholecalciferol (control), 38.5 weeks |
Prospective, randomized, double-blind | Decrease of dp-ucMGP, smaller increase of CAC and CCA-IMT compared to control |
[83] |
| HD patients (n = 50) | 360 μg/d MK-7, 4 weeks |
Prospective, pre-post intervention clinical trial | 86% decrease of dp-ucMGP |
[80] |
| HD patients (n = 17) |
135 μg/d MK-7, 6 weeks |
Interventional pilot study | Decrease of dp-ucMGP but not dp-cMGP |
[75] |
| HD patients (n = 53), Healthy controls (n = 50) |
45, 135, 360 μg/d MK-7, 6 weeks |
Interventional, randomized, non-placebo-controlled trial | Dose-dependent decrease of dp-ucMGP | [81] |
MK-7: menaquinone-7 (vitamin K2); CAC: coronary artery calcification; Vit.K: vitamin K2; CCA–IMT: common carotid artery–intima media thickness.