Table 1.

Inhibition of influenza A virus in different cellular models. Experimental values of half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC₅₀), half-maximal toxic concentration (TC₅₀) and selectivity index (SI) of berberine (BBR) versus influenza A virus replication in different cell lines. A549: adenocarcinoma human alveolar basal epithelial cells; MDCK: Madin–Darby canine kidney cells; LET1: lung epithelial type I cell line; HAE: human airway epithelial cells. For HAE cultures no TC₅₀ and SI values were measured (indicated as “-“).

	IC50	TC50	SI
A549	17 µM (0.006 µg/mL)	107 µM (0.036 µg/mL)	6
MDCK	52 µM (0.017 µg/mL)	1035 µM (0.350 µg/mL)	20
LET1	4 µM (0.001 µg/mL)	521 µM (0.176 µg/mL)	123
HAE	16 µM (0.005 µg/mL)	-	-