Table 3.

Medical factor for CS.

Category (Subcategory)			G1 N	G2 N	G3 N
Theme 1: Maternal risk
1. Over-nutrition and lack of exercise
	1.1.	Lack of exercise and strength to give birth		2	1
	1.2.	Lack of exercise and overweight			5
2. Older maternal age of giving birth
	2.1.	A trend of giving birth at an older age would increase medical indications of CS			2
3. Previous CS
	3.1.	Previous CS is a valid medical reason for choosing CS	1	1	2
	3.2.	Shortage of obstetricians who assist vaginal birth after Caesarean (VBAC)			1
	3.3.	Few mothers prefer to try VBAC because of its risks			1
4. Increased previous abortion
	4.1.	Increased number of abortion leads anomaly of placenta			1
Theme 2: Institutional factor
5. Influence of antenatal screening
	5.1.	Improvement of antenatal screening detects more high-risk women indicated for CS			1
	5.2.	Introduction of ultrasonography detects more abnormality			1
6. Missed severe pregnancy complications
	6.1.	Pregnancy complications detection missed, due to misunderstanding and lack of knowledge among mothers and family			1
7. Improvement of operative care
	7.1.	Improvement of operative care replaced instrumental delivery (forceps or vacuum) to CS in modern Vietnam.			1

G 1: pregnant women who wished CS (N = 10), G 2: pregnant women who did not wish CS (N = 19), G 3: healthcare professionals (N = 19), N: Number of participants mentioned about subcategory.