Table 2.
Botanical and antioxidant compounds.
| First AuthorYear (Ref) | Number of Participant (M/F) | Age (y ± SD) |
Setting | Inclusion Criteria | Exclusion Criteria | Supplement | Duration | Results | Conclusion | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Intervention | Control | |||||||||
| Black et al., 2010 [46] | 6/28 | 20 | Campus of University of Georgia | Young volunteers | Performing moderate-to-high-intensity resistance training for biceps brachii muscle during the previous 9 months; taking prescription pain and/or psychiatric medication | 2 g of ginger after exercise | Placebo | 12 days | Pain-intensity ratings were significantly lower in the ginger group 24 h after eccentric exercise in both study 1 (Glass’s Δ = 0.78 SD, 25.3%, U = 85, p = 0.041) and study 2 (Δ = 0.57 SD, 22.5%, U = 127, p = 0.049). | Considerable evidence supports the biological plausibility of ginger possessing hypoalgesic effects. |
| Drobnic et al., 2014 [48] | 20 M | 38.1 ± 11.1 | Sports Physiology Dept. of the O.T.C. | Healthy male, moderately active (regular cardio for at least 4 h per week), non-smoking volunteers | Treatment with anti-inflammatory/analgesic/antioxidant drugs, abnormal liver or renal function tests, active inflammatory or infectious or any kind of disease. | 1g twice daily (corresponding to 200 mg curcumin twice a day) at breakfast and dinner | Placebo | 4 days | Subjects in the curcumin group reported less pain in the lower limb as compared with subjects in the placebo group (total score: 23.3 ± 7.9 (17.2;29.4) vs. 30.6 ± 7.9 (24.9;36.2), p = 0.06) | The pain-relieving effect of curcumin supplementation could be mediated by a modulation of the inflammatory and oxidative responses to muscle injury. |
| Tanabe et al., 2015 [51] | 14 M | 23.5 ± 2.3 | NR | Healthy, untrained young men not involved in any regular resistance training for at least 1 year before this study | No physical activities and assumption of anti-inflammatory drugs during the study period | 150 mg of curcumin orally before and 12 h after each eccentric exercise bout | Placebo | 4 days | Plasma IL-6 and TNF-α concentrations were not different between groups before exercise (IL-6 0.83 ± 0.22 vs. 0.73 ± 0.18 ng/mL, TNF-α 1.85 ± 0.74 vs. 1.63 ± 0.35 ng/mL, for curcumin and placebo, respectively). No change after eccentric exercise, and no differences between curcumin and placebo conditions | The study found that curcumin ingestion had no additive effects on blood markers of inflammation (IL-6 and TNF-α) |
NOTES: IL-6, interleukin-6; TNF-α, tumor necrosis factor alpha. SD, standard deviation.