Table 1.
Demographic, Clinical, and Laboratory Characteristics of Patients With Coronavirus Disease 2019–Associated Pneumoniaa
| Characteristic | Total (N=140) | SpO2 ≤90% (n=51) | SpO2 >90% (n=89) | P value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Demographics | ||||
| Age (y), median (IQR) | 60 (47-68) | 67 (61-78) | 53 (40-63) | <.001 |
| Male sex (No. [%]) | 72 (51.43) | 33 (64.71) | 39 (43.82) | .02 |
| Comorbidities (No. [%]) | ||||
| Any comorbidityb | 69 (49.29) | 39 (76.47) | 30 (33.71) | <.001 |
| Hypertension | 40 (28.57) | 22 (43.14) | 18 (20.22) | .004 |
| Diabetes | 20 (14.29) | 8 (15.69) | 12 (13.48) | .72 |
| Cardiovascular disease | 8 (5.71) | 5 (9.80) | 3 (3.37) | .12 |
| COPD/asthma | 2 (1.43) | 1 (1.96) | 1 (1.12) | .69 |
| Renal failure | 7 (5.00) | 4 (7.84) | 3 (3.37) | .24 |
| Cancer | 5 (3.57) | 2 (3.92) | 3 (3.37) | .87 |
| Clinical presentation (No. [%]) | ||||
| Fever | 112 (80.00) | 41 (80.39) | 71 (79.78) | .93 |
| Cough | 79 (56.43) | 30 (58.82) | 49 (55.06) | .67 |
| Dyspnea | 69 (49.29) | 33 (64.71) | 36 (40.45) | .006 |
| Diarrhea | 33 (23.57) | 12 (23.53) | 21 (23.60) | .99 |
| Disease severity | ||||
| Moderate (No. [%]) | 43 (30.71) | 0 | 43 (48.31) | <.001 |
| Severe (No. [%]) | 73 (52.14) | 28 (54.90) | 45 (50.56) | .62 |
| Critical (No. [%]) | 24 (17.14) | 23 (45.10) | 1 (1.12) | <.001 |
| Onset of symptom before hospitalization (d), median (IQR) | 10 (7-14) | 10 (7-14) | 10 (8-14) | .19 |
| SpO2 after oxygen supplementation (%), median (IQR) | 95 (84-97) | 80 (70-85) | 97 (95-98) | <.001 |
| Treatment (No. [%]) | ||||
| Antibiotics | 105 (75.00) | 45 (88.24) | 60 (67.42) | .006 |
| Nasal high flow | 6 (4.29) | 5 (9.80) | 1 (1.12) | .02 |
| Mechanical ventilation | 13 (9.28) | 13 (25.49) | 0 | <.001 |
| Invasive mechanical ventilation | 6 (4.29) | 6 (11.86) | 0 | <.001 |
| Blood biochemistry, median (IQR)c | ||||
| WBC count (×109/L) | 5.85 (4.17-8.33) | 8.54 (6.61-10.81) | 4.75 (3.94-6.78) | <.001 |
| Neutrophil count (×109/L) | 4.09 (2.65-6.36) | 7.46 (5.01-9.60) | 3.29 (2.28-4.77) | <.001 |
| Lymphocyte count (×109/L) | 0.92 (0.68-1.37) | 0.70 (0.44-0.98) | 1.03 (0.77-1.57) | <.001 |
| Platelet count (×109/L) | 203 (145-273) | 165 (112-240) | 215 (162-283) | .003 |
| C-reactive protein (mg/L) | 27.78 (5.64-75.55) | 76.51 (41.68-117.09) | 12.70 (3.49-32.10) | <.001 |
| D-dimer (μg/mL) | 0.45 (0.22-1.90) | 3.05 (0.45-8.00) | 0.30 (0.17-0.81) | <.001 |
| Hospital stay (d), median (IQR) | 14 (6-26) | 8 (4-20) | 16 (9-31) | .004 |
a
COPD = chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; IQR = interquartile range; SpO2 = oxygen saturation; WBC = white blood cell.
b
Presence of any comorbidity was defined as the presence of 1 or more of the following chronic diseases: hypertension, diabetes, cardiovascular disease, COPD, asthma, and end-stage renal failure.
c
The following variables had missing data: WBC count (n=136), neutrophil count (n=128), lymphocyte count (n=135), platelet count (n=127), C-reactive protein (n=105), and D-dimer (n=83).