Table 1.

Advantages and disadvantages of the different techniques for the eyebrow lift

	Definition	Indications	Contraindications	Advantages	Disadvantages
Non-surgical methods
Botulinum toxin A injection	To treat the depressor muscles of the brow with BTA	Desire to elevate the lateral eyebrow with a less invasive method	Hypersensitivity to BTA	Less invasive, less expensive, no major permanent side effect	Temporary effect of the central and lateral eyebrow, little effect on medial eyebrow
Soft tissue fillers	Injection of filler in the lateral eyebrow to promote support of the retro-orbicularis oculi fat	Improving the elevation of the eyebrow tail in cases where BTA provides insufficient eyebrow lifting	One eye patients	Fillers can enhance eyebrow contour and volume	Little effect on medial eyebrow, possibility of serious adverse events
Surgical methods
Internal browpexy	Anchoring of the brow tissue (muscle and/or fat) to the periosteum of the frontal bone via a trans-blepharoplasty approach	To limit post blepharoplasty eyebrow descent	If formal brow "lifting" is expected	Avoids the cost and morbidity of more formal brow-lifting techniques	Modest efficasy, tenderness, and dimpling of the brow
Glabellar myoplasty	To transect the corrugator supercilii and procerus muscles during a blepharoplasty procedure	Complaints limited to glabellar folds and dermatochalasis	Limited forehead lift	Long-lasting improvement of vertical glabellar rhytids at the time of blepharoplasty	Supratrochlear neurovascular bundle is at risk
Direct brow lift	Elliptical incision immediately above the brows	Facial nerve palzy, men with recessed hairline, patients who can not undergo general anesthesia	If medial eyebow elevation is particularly sought	The greatest elevation per millimeter of excised tissue	A faint suprabrow scar
Tissue suspension with suture	Elevating the superficial soft tissue by self-anchoring sutures	Maybe suggested as a minimally invasive procedure	If patients asks for standard of care with proven long-term efficasy	Avoiding large incisions and greatly reducing recovery time	Little evidence on long-lasting aesthetic results
Coronal forehead and eyebrow lift	Coronal incision extends between the temporal fossae, behind the hairline, followed by extensive tissue excison/dissection and lift	Very heavy forehead with significant tissue excess and wrinkling	High hairline	Extensive incision with potentially persistent hair loss and numbness	High efficacy, no need for high-tech equipment
Endoscopic forehead Lift	Three to five small incisions withing the hair-bearing scalp, with titrated upper face dissection	Procedure of choice for patients with brow asymmetry	High hairline	Small incision with little risk of persistent hair loss and numbness	Longer learning curve, needs endoscope
Trichophytic forehead and brow lift	Superior incision marked along hairline and involves excision of bare forehead skin	Brow ptosis and high hairline	Short forehead	No need for general anesthesia, lowers the frontal hairline	Chance of scarring, brow asymmetry, and paresthesias of the forehead and scalp
Mid-forehead brow lift	Superior incision marked along a central forehead crease and then appropriate amount of tissue excised	Elderly men with significant brow ptosis that decreases superior visual field	Patients with unfurrowed forehead	No need for general anesthesia, lowers the frontal hairline	Prominent hyperemic scar, less effective for lateral brow ptosis