Table 3.
Characteristics of demographics, nutritional status and dietary intake in study population (n = 1771) by sex per age group
| Toddlers (n = 284) | Children (n = 416) | Adolescents (n = 213) | Adult (n = 276) | Older adults (n = 296) | Pregnant | Lactating | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Boys (n = 142) | Girls (n = 142) | Boys (n = 212) | Girls (n = 204) | Boys (n = 107) | Girls (n = 106) | Men (n = 124) | Women (n = 152) | Men (n = 145) | Women (n = 151) | (n = 140) | (n = 146) | |
| Demographics | ||||||||||||
| Region; n (%) | ||||||||||||
| - Northern-Lowland | 44 (31.0) | 49 (34.5) | 67 (31.6) | 75 (36.8) | 41 (38.3) | 30 (28.3) | 41 (33.1) | 59 (38.8) | 48 (33.1) | 47 (31.1) | 46 (32.9) | 51 (34.9) |
| - Central-SH | 53 (37.3) | 44 (31.0) | 73 (34.4) | 69 (33.8) | 31 (29.0) | 34 (31.2) | 44 (35.4) | 46 (30.3) | 47 (32.4) | 50 (33.1) | 16 (32.9) | 48 (32.9) |
| - Mekong Corridor | 45 (31.7) | 49 (34.5) | 72 (34.0) | 60 (29.4) | 35 (32.7) | 42 (39.6) | 39 (31.5) | 47 (30.9) | 50 (34.5) | 54 (35.8) | 48 (34.2) | 47 (32.2) |
| Residence; n (%) | ||||||||||||
| - Rural | 105 (73.9) | 103 (72.5) | 155 (73.1) | 153 (75.0) | 79 (73.8) | 75 (70.8) | 91 (73.4) | 110 (72.4) | 106 (73.1) | 110 (72.8) | 103 (73.6) | 106 (72.6) |
| - Urban | 37 (26.1) | 39 (27.5) | 57 (26.9) | 51 (25.0) | 28 (26.2) | 31 (29.2) | 33 (26.6) | 42 (27.6) | 39 (26.9) | 41 (27.2) | 37 (26.4) | 40 (27.4) |
| Season; n (%) | ||||||||||||
| - Rainy | 72 (50.7) | 67 (47.2) | 113 (53.3) | 103 (50.5) | 50 (46.7) | 58 (42.7) | 63 (50.8) | 77 (50.7) | 71 (49.0) | 77 (51.0) | 66 (47.1) | 72 (4.3) |
| - Dry | 70 (49.3) | 75 (52.8) | 99 (46.7) | 101 (49.5) | 57 (53.3) | 48 (45.3) | 61 (492) | 75 (49.3) | 74 (51.0) | 74 (49.0) | 74 (52.9) | 74 (50.7) |
| Anthropometrics | ||||||||||||
| Age (years); mean (SD) | 1.8 (0.6) | 1.8 (0.6) | 5.1 (1.6) | 5.1 (1.7) | 12.4 (2.3) | 12.6 (2.4) | 37.8 (8.1) | 34.4 (8.8) | 62.1 (8.5) | 60.7 (8.1) | 26.7 (6.3) | 26.8 (5.8) |
| Weight (kg); mean(SD) | 10.5 (1.7) | 10.2 (2.0) | 16.8 (4.5) | 16.3 (4.6) | 36.1 (11.7) | 37.7 (10.0) | 60.9 (9.6) | 55.2 (10.0) | 57.2 (10.7) | 53.7 (10.8) | 57.3 (7.9) | 52.8 (8.7) |
| Height (cm); mean(SD) | 81.1 (6.6) | 80.7 (8.3) | 104.5 (11.8) | 104.0 (11.9) | 142.3 (13.8) | 142.8 (10.5) | 161.2 (5.4) | 152.0 (4.9) | 158.0 (6.0) | 149.2 (5.3) | 152.0 (5.1) | 152.5 (5.4) |
| BMI; n (%) | ||||||||||||
| P-value | 0.14 | 0.69 | 0.01 | 146 | 0.08 | 0.02m | 0.61m | |||||
| 0.01w | 0.06w | |||||||||||
| - Underweight | 8 (5.6) | 7 (4.9) | 9 (4.2) | 11 (5.4) | 10 (9.3) | 2 (1.9) | 4 (3.2) | 13 (8.6) | 12 (8.3) | 13 (8.6) | 2 (1.4) | 11 (7.5) |
| - Normal | 113 (79.6) | 118 (83.1) | 185 (87.3) | 178 (87.3) | 86 (80.4) | 93 (87.7) | 59 (47.6) | 59 (38.8) | 66 (45.5) | 48 (31.8) | 44 (31.4) | 77 (52.7) |
| - Overweight | 18 (12.7) | 9 (6.3) | 13 (6.1) | 13 (6.4) | 2 (1.9) | 7 (6.6) | 26 (21.0) | 28 (18.4) | 27 (18.6) | 31 (20.5) | 38 (27.1) | 26 (17.8) |
| - Obese | 3 (2.1) | 8 (5.6) | 5 (2.4) | 2 (1.0) | 9 (8.4) | 4 (3.8) | 35 (28.2) | 52 (34.2) | 40 (27.6) | 59 (39.1) | 56 (40.0) | 32 (21.9) |
| Dietary intake; | ||||||||||||
| median (IQR) | ||||||||||||
| Energy (kcal) | 1040 (445)a | 958 (386)a | 1217 (425)a | 1079 (421)a | 1743 (681) | 1490 (526) | 1880 (650) | 1517 (510) | 1790 (638) | 1434 (568) | 1683 (571) | 1681 (636) |
| Macronutrients (g) | ||||||||||||
| - Carbohydrates | 171 (77)a | 153 (67)a | 206 (73)a | 182 (71)a | 326 (131) | 264 (93) | 338 (130) | 276 (103) | 320 (120) | 268 (101) | 305 (109) | 312 (132) |
| - Protein | 35 (17)a | 33 (15)a | 43 (19)a | 39 (18)a | 61 (29) | 51 (22) | 68 (28) | 56 (22) | 68 (30) | 51 (25) | 62 (16) | 63 (26) |
| - Fat | 21 (20) | 21 (17) | 23 (21) | 19 (18) | 21 (19) | 20 (22) | 19 (15) | 16 (15) | 19 (15) | 13 (15) | 20 (18) | 17 (17) |
| - Dietary fiber | 2.0 (2.8) | 1.7 (2.3) | 3.0 (2.7) | 2.5 (2.5) | 4.4 (3.2) | 4.4 (3.4) | 5.7 (3.5) | 6.3 (4.3) | 6.3 (4.4) | 6.1 (5.2) | 6.8 (5.3) | 5.9 (5.9) |
a Dietary intake presented as mean (SD) instead of median (IQR)
mP-values are based on Chi-square tests compared to adult men; wP-values are based on Chi-square tests compared to adult women
P-values are based on Chi-square tests