Table 2.
Mean concentration (µg/g) of trace elements in autopsy tissues collected between 1998 and 2019. Temporal trends.
| Tissue | % Variation | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1998 | 2003 | 2007 | 2013 | 2019 | 1998–2019 | 2013–2019 | ||
| LIVER | As | <0.05 | <0.05 | 0.07 | <0.05 | <0.10 | - | - |
| Be | <0.02 | <0.05 | <0.03 | <0.05 | <0.10 | - | - | |
| Cd | 0.95 | 1.36 | 0.8 | 1.38 | 0.76 | −20 *** | −45 ** | |
| Cr | 0.26 | <0.25 | 0.63 | 0.66 | 0.47 | 81 | −29 | |
| Hg | 0.2 | 0.14 | 0.14 | <0.05 | 0.06 | −70 * | - | |
| Mn | 1.28 | 1.07 | 0.99 | 1.45 | 1.16 | −9 | −20 | |
| Ni | 0.09 | <0.1 | 0.07 | <0.10 | 0.14 | 56 | - | |
| Pb | 2.56 | 0.3 | 0.35 | 0.18 | 0.23 | −91 *** | 28 | |
| Sn | 5.06 | 0.19 | 0.07 | <0.05 | 1.33 | −74 | - | |
| Tl | <0.02 | <0.01 | <0.01 | <0.03 | <0.025 | - | - | |
| V | <0.12 | <0.25 | <0.25 | <0.10 | <0.50 | - | - | |
| KIDNEY | As | <0.05 | <0.05 | 0.06 | <0.05 | <0.10 | - | - |
| Be | <0.02 | <0.05 | <0.03 | <0.05 | <0.10 | - | - | |
| Cd | 17.52 | 17.46 | 14.72 | 21.15 | 11.1 | −37 | −48 | |
| Cr | 0.09 | <0.25 | 0.42 | 0.66 | 0.29 | 222 *** | −56 ** | |
| Hg | 0.33 | 0.23 | 0.3 | 0.15 | 0.08 | −76 * | −47 * | |
| Mn | 1.01 | 0.74 | 0.78 | 1.09 | 0.82 | −19 | −25 | |
| Ni | <0.01 | <0.10 | <0.05 | <0.10 | 0.21 | - | - | |
| Pb | <0.02 | 0.06 | 0.77 | 0.1 | 0.15 | - | 50 | |
| Sn | 1.66 | 0.17 | 0.05 | <0.05 | 1.04 | −37 * | - | |
| Tl | <0.02 | <0.01 | <0.01 | <0.03 | <0.025 | - | - | |
| V | <0.12 | <0.25 | <0.25 | <0.10 | <0.50 | - | - | |
| BRAIN | As | <0.05 | <0.05 | <0.05 | <0.05 | <0.10 | - | - |
| Be | <0.02 | <0.05 | <0.03 | <0.05 | <0.10 | - | - | |
| Cd | 0.03 | 0.02 | 0.32 | <0.05 | 0.02 | −33 | - | |
| Cr | 0.22 | <0.25 | 0.45 | 0.57 | 0.32 | 45 | −44 | |
| Hg | <0.05 | <0.05 | 0.1 | <0.05 | <0.10 | - | - | |
| Mn | 0.22 | 0.03 | 0.24 | 0.33 | 0.25 | 14 | −24 | |
| Ni | <0.01 | <0.10 | 0.36 | <0.05 | 0.16 | - | - | |
| Pb | 1.41 | 0.06 | 0.1 | <0.05 | 0.08 | −94 *** | - | |
| Sn | 1.32 | 0.09 | 0.03 | <0.05 | 0.78 | −41 | - | |
| Tl | <0.02 | <0.01 | <0.01 | <0.05 | <0.025 | - | - | |
| V | <0.12 | <0.25 | 0.28 | <0.05 | <0.50 | - | - | |
| BONE | As | 0.06 | <0.05 | 0.19 | <0.05 | <0.10 | - | - |
| Be | <0.02 | <0.05 | 0.03 | <0.05 | <0.10 | - | - | |
| Cd | 0.04 | 0.05 | 0.04 | <0.03 | 0.02 | −50 ** | - | |
| Cr | 0.51 | <0.25 | 1.39 | 1.38 | 1.02 | 100 *** | −26 | |
| Hg | <0.05 | <0.05 | 0.05 | <0.05 | <0.10 | - | - | |
| Mn | 0.06 | <0.03 | 0.25 | 0.13 | 0.05 | −17 | −62 * | |
| Ni | 0.64 | 1.16 | 1.53 | <0.10 | <0.25 | - | - | |
| Pb | 3.99 | 2.11 | 2.66 | 1.39 | 1 | −75 *** | −28 | |
| Sn | 7.4 | 0.34 | 0.31 | 0.17 | 1.94 | −74 *** | 1041 *** | |
| Tl | <0.02 | <0.01 | <0.01 | <0.03 | <0.025 | - | - | |
| V | <0.12 | <0.25 | <0.25 | <0.10 | <0.50 | - | - | |
| LUNG | As | <0.05 | <0.05 | 0.14 | <0.05 | <0.10 | - | - |
| Be | <0.02 | <0.05 | <0.03 | <0.05 | <0.10 | - | - | |
| Cd | 0.42 | 0.18 | 0.27 | 0.26 | 0.13 | −69 | −50 | |
| Cr | 0.33 | 0.25 | 0.58 | 0.64 | 0.3 | −9 | −53 * | |
| Hg | <0.05 | <0.05 | <0.05 | <0.05 | <0.10 | - | - | |
| Mn | 0.13 | 0.04 | 0.3 | 0.21 | 0.08 | −38 | −62 ** | |
| Ni | 0.08 | 0.12 | 0.07 | <0.10 | 0.15 | 88 ** | - | |
| Pb | 2.27 | 0.13 | 0.08 | 0.05 | 0.05 | −98 *** | 0 | |
| Sn | 2.16 | 0.2 | 0.07 | <0.05 | 1.31 | −39 | - | |
| Tl | <0.02 | <0.01 | <0.01 | <0.03 | <0.025 | - | - | |
| V | <0.12 | <0.25 | 0.58 | <0.10 | <0.50 | - | - | |
* p < 0.05; ** p < 0.01; *** p < 0.001.