TABLE 336-2.

RESPIRATORY TRACT ZOONOSES

DISEASE*	MICROORGANISM†	CLINICAL FINDINGS	RESERVOIR AND/OR VECTOR
Psittacosis‡	Chlamydophila psittaci	Pneumonia, often severe	Aerosols from parrots, ducks, turkeys
Q fever	Coxiella burnetii	Pneumonia, hepatitis, myocarditis	Airborne from soil contaminated by sheep, goats, and cats, particularly if parturient
Tularemia	Francisella tularensis	Cutaneous ulcer and regional node, pneumonia and hilar node; pleural effusion	Rabbit contact (winter) and tick bites
Plague	Yersinia pestis	Inguinal nodes, bubonic plague (basilar pneumonia develops in 10%); hilar node enlargement	Fleas from prairie dogs, rock squirrels, rats
Hantavirus syndrome	Hantavirus	Upper respiratory to lower respiratory to adult respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) to death	Deer mouse fomites: urine, feces, saliva
Rhodococcus pneumonia	Rhodococcus equi	Pneumonia often cavitates in those with AIDS and other immunosuppressed patients	Horse manure, soil
Mycoplasma arginini pneumonia	Mycoplasma arginini	Pneumonia, sepsis, neutropenia	Sheep, goats
Foot-and-mouth disease	Aphthovirus	Nonspecific upper respiratory tract infection, oral vesicles	Cloven-footed mammals
Whooping cough	Bordetella bronchiseptica	Pneumonia, bronchitis, whooping cough	Dogs
Histoplasmosis	Histoplasma capsulatum	Pneumonia or fever of unknown origin	Bats
Anthrax	Bacillus anthracis	Mediastinal widening with CT scan; pneumonia often absent	Herbivore mammals
Glanders	Burkholderia mallei	Pneumonia, erosive tracheobronchitis	Horses, mules

AIDS = acquired immunodeficiency syndrome; CT = computed tomography.

^*See table of contents and index to locate a more detailed discussion of each disease.

^†Because of the fastidious nature of some organisms, the rapid development of diagnostic tools, and the risk some agents pose to laboratory workers, a clinical microbiologist should be consulted if these agents are considered in a patient's differential diagnosis.

^‡Occurs in more than 1000 animal species.