TABLE 63-6.

Common Antagonists for Anesthetic Drugs Used in Antilocapridae and Bovidae

Anesthetic	Preferred Antagonist	Dosage	Comments
Carfentanil	Naltrexone	100 milligram per milligram (mg/mg) carfentanil, intramuscularly (IM)	May be given partially intravenously (IV)
Etorphine	Naltrexone	50 mg/mg etorphine, IM	May be given partially IV
Thiafentanil	Naltrexone	30 mg/mg thiafentanil, IM	May be given partially IV
Butorphanol	Naltrexone	5 mg/mg butorphanol, IM
Medetomidine	Atipamezole or tolazoline*	5 mg/mg medetomidine, IM 1 milligram per kilogram (mg/kg), IM
Detomidine	Atipamezole or tolazoline*	0.1 mg/kg, IM 1 mg/kg, IM
Xylazine	Atipamezole or tolazoline*	0.1 mg/kg, IM 1 mg/kg, IM
Tiletamine/ zolazepam	Flumazenil	0.01 mg/kg, IV	Ketamine and tiletamine are not reversible

^*Intravenous administration of tolazoline in artiodactyls may cause profound hypotension and death.