TABLE 63-10.

Identification and Management of Selected Infectious Diseases of Antilocapridae and Bovidae

Disease	Clinical Presentation/Lesions	Diagnosis	Management
Viral enteritis (coronavirus, rotavirus)	Acute diarrhea Dehydration Malabsorption Neonatal death	Fecal electron microscopy Fecal ELISA IFA	Supportive care Colostrum supplementation Vaccination Sanitation
Bacterial enteritis	Diarrhea Depression Dehydration Asymptomatic	Bacterial culture PCR Histopathology	Supportive care Appropriate antibiotics Vaccination Sanitation
Tuberculosis37	Lymphadenopathy Wasting Bronchopneumonia or cough Mild or no clinical signs	Histopathology Intradermal tuberculin test (CT for Bovinae, SCT for other bovids)	Routine testing Identify and remove affected animals Prevent introduction Treatment not recommended
Johne disease (paratuberculosis)12	Stage I: subclinical Stage II: subclinical, intermittent shedding Stage III: ill-thrift, wasting, diarrhea Stage IV: lethargy, emaciation, diarrhea, intermandibular edema	Difficult in early stages Histopathology (Stage I-IV) Fecal culture (II-IV) PCR (II-IV) ELISA (II-IV) IFN-γ (II-IV)	Routine testing Identify and remove affected animals Prevent introduction
Malignant catarrhal fever (MCF)	Nasal and ocular discharge Lymphadenopathy Diarrhea, anorexia Fever, death	ELISA VN PCR	Prevent contact of potentially affected carriers with susceptible hosts Supportive care Antiviral medications
Meningeal worm	Ataxia, paresis, circling, hypermetria, abnormal head posture, wasting	Clinical signs Histopathology	Reduce exposure to deer; control snails; deworm every 4 to 6 weeks during spring/summer

CT, Caudal tail fold; ELISA, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay; IFA, immunofluorescent antibody; IFN-γ, interferon-γ; L3, third-stage larva; PCR, polymerase chain reaction; SCT, single cervical test; VN, virus neutralization.