TABLE 63-12.

Four Syndromes of Capture Myopathy in Nondomestic Ruminants42, 54

Syndrome	Conditions	Clinical presentation	Pathologic findings
Capture shock (hyperacute) syndrome	Occurs during or within 6 hours after capture	Ataxia, tachypnea, tachycardia, hyperemic mucous membranes, hyperthermia, weak pulse, sudden death	Pulmonary congestion and edema; intestinal hemorrhage; small areas of necrosis of skeletal and cardiac muscle, brain, liver, adrenal glands, lymph nodes, spleen, pancreas, and renal tubules
Ataxic myoglobinuric (acute) syndrome	Most common syndrome, occurring hours to days after capture	Ataxia, torticollis, myoglobinuria, death with elevated AST, CK, LDH, BUN	Dark colored urine, dark, swollen kidneys, pale streaking of skeletal muscle, renal tubular dilation and necrosis with myoglobin casts
Ruptured muscle (subacute) syndrome	Occurs 24 to 48 hours following capture	Hindquarter weakness, recumbency with extremely elevated AST, CK, LDH BUN may be normal	Subcutaneous hemorrhage of rear limbs, multifocal soft lesions and ruptures in muscles, severe, diffuse skeletal muscle necrosis
Delayed-peracute (chronic) syndrome	Occurs rarely, at least 24 hours but may be up to 30 days following capture	Normal appearance when undisturbed, but acute stress results in attempt to flee followed by ventricular fibrillation and sudden death	No lesions or small pale foci of rhabdomyolysis, particularly in hindlimbs

AST, Aspartate aminotransferase; BUN, blood urea nitrogen; CK, creatine kinase; LDH, lactate dehydrogenase.