Table 10.4.

Recent in vivo studies on the efficacy of orally administered immunoglobulin preparations on health

Antigen used in immunization	Disease or condition	Treatment regimen	Treatment effect	Reference
S. mutans and S. sobrinus whole cell vaccine	Dental caries	Mouth rinse 3 times daily for 3 days (human volunteers)	Higher resting pH and smaller proportion of S. mutans in dental plaque	Loimaranta et al. (1999)
Virulence factors of S. mutans	Dental caries	Mouth rinse twice per day for 14 days by 10 ml of immune milk (human volunteers)	Inhibited recolonization of S. mutans after antibiotic treatment	Shimazaki et al. (2001)
Helicobacter feliswhole cell vaccine	Gastritis	0.2 ml of immune whey (7.5% IgG) before infection or 3 times daily for 4 weeks in treatment of infected mice	Prevented infection in non-infected mice and decreased gastric inflammation and colonization in readily infected mice	Marnila et al. (2003)
Helicobacter pyloriurease	Gastritis	150 ml of yogurt with 1% avian IgY and probiotic bacteria 3 times daily for 4 weeks	Decreased values in urea breath test indicating decrease in colonization	Horie et al. (2004)
No immunization	EHEC-colitis	Colostral preparation IMMULACT® to mice ad libitum (around 300 mg per day) for 3 weeks	Decreased rapidly EHEC colonization and decresed attachment to cecum walls and decreased mortality in mouse	Funatogawa et al. (2002)
Polyvalent or monovalent E. coli vaccine	Diarrhea	IgG supplemented baby formula, daily dose 0.5 g of IgG per kg of body weight	Lower incidence of diarrhea and shorter duration of diarrhea episodes in human infants during follow-up period for 6 months	Tawfeek et al. (2003)
Shigella dysenteriaeantigen I	Shigellosis	100 ml orally 3 times per day for 3 days in combination with antibiotics	No significant difference in any clinical parameter	Ashraf et al. (2001)
No immunization	HIV-associated diarrhea	Colostral preparation ColoPlus® to HIV-associated diarrhea patients for 7 weeks	Substantial decrease in stool frequency and in fatigue and increase in body weight	Florén et al. (2006)
Cocktail of 17 strains of pathogenic diarrhea bacteria	E. coli and Salmonella diarrhea	Orally 10 mg of specific Ig per day for 10 days starting 6 or 8 days before infection	Prevented enteroinvasive E. coli and Salmonella typhi diarrhea and normalized immunological parameters	Xu et al. (2006)
Cocktail of 17 strains of pathogenic diarrhea bacteria	E. coli, Salmonella and Shigella diarrhea	Orally once per day for 10 days starting 6 or 8 days before infection	Decreased the clinical signs of diarrhea and supported splenic NK-cell functions	Huang et al. (2008)
No immunization	Murine rotavirus infection in mouse	Milk IgG fraction orally at time of infection and 12 hours post infection	Decreases rotavirus shedding in stools	Bojsen et al. (2007)
Clostridium difficile toxin and C. difficile whole cells	C. difficile diarrhea	Orally for 2 weeks as supportive treatment after antibiotic treatment	C. difficile toxins eradicated from 15 of 16 patients and no relapses in any patient during 11-month follow-up period	Van Dissel et al. (2005)
No immunization	Mild hypercholesterolemia	Orally 5 g of blood derived IgG daily for 3 or 6 weeks	Both total cholesterol and LDL levels decreased from baselines	Earnest et al. (2005)
No immunization	Upper respiratory tract infections	60 g of colostral protein daily for 8 weeks	Reduced significantly incidence of self-estimated symptoms of respiratory infections but no difference in duration	Brinkworth and Buckley (2003)
No immunization	Endotoxemia due to abdominal surgery	Colostral product Lactobin® 52 g daily in 4 doses orally for 3 days before surgery	Lower levels of endotoxin and endotoxin neutralizing capacity in blood suggesting reduced endotoxemia due to surgery	Bölke et al. (2002a)
No immunization	Endotoxemia due to coronary surgery	Colostral product Lactobin® 42 g daily doses orally for 2 days before surgery	Lower levels of CRP but no effect on perioperative endotoxemia	Bölke et al. (2002b)

Parts of this table compiled and edited from Korhonen et al. (2000) and Mehra et al.. (2006).