TABLE 6-8.

Foreign or Exotic Animal Diseases Affecting the Gastrointestinal Tract

Disease	Cause	Clinical Signs	Major Differential Diagnosis	Diagnosis	Reference
Foot and mouth disease (Aftosa)	FMDV = genus Aphtovirus, family	Fever, salivation, lipsmacking, lameness, teat lesions	Vesicular stomatitis	Call regulatory veterinarians	Kahrs RF: Viral diseases of cattle, Ames, IA, 1981, Iowa State University Press.
	Picorniviridae
(Aphthous fever)			BVDV	Fluid from vesicles
	7 distinct serotypes with multiple subtypes	Vesicles progressing to erosions and ulcers of oral mucosa, nasal mucosa, interdigital space, coronary band, teats Abortion	Bluetongue Malignant catarrhal fever Rinderpest	Oropharyngeal fluid Tissues Paired sera	Sutmoller, P: Vesicular diseases. In Committee on Foreign Animal Diseases, editors: Foreign animal diseases, Richmond, VA, 1992, United States Animal Health Association.
Rinderpest (cattle plague)	RV = genus	Peracute— high fever, death	BVDV	Call regulatory veterinarians	Kahrs RF: Viral diseases of cattle, Ames, IA, 1981, Iowa State University Press.
	Morbillivirus, family
(Peste bovine)
	Paramyxoviridae
	1 major serotype with field strains possessing variable pathogenicity	Classic fever, mucous membrane congestion, necrosis, and subsequent erosion	Malignant catarrhal fever	Samples best obtained from febrile animals with mucosal lesions (early cases)
			Vesicular stomatitis
			Foot and mouth disease
		Mucous membrane lesions cause salivation, ocular discharge	Salmonellosis	Serologic testing	Seek B, Cook R: Rinderpest. In Committee on Foreign Animal Diseases, editors: Foreign animal diseases, Richmond, VA, 1992, United States Animal Health Association.
			Bluetongue	Viral isolation
		Severe hemorrhagic diarrhea and tenesmus start several days after mucosal lesions	Arsenic poisoning
		Dehydration, death
		Subacute or atypical-lower mortality, greater difficulty in distinguishing from differential diagnosis