TABLE 142-2.
Epidemiology of Acute Infectious Diarrhea and Infectious Food-Borne Illness
| VEHICLE | CLASSIC PATHOGENS |
|---|---|
| Water (including foods washed in such water) | Vibrio cholerae, caliciviruses (Norwalk agent), Giardia, Cryptosporidium |
| Food | |
| Poultry | Salmonella, Campylobacter, Shigella species |
| Beef, unpasteurized fruit juice | Enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli |
| Pork | Tapeworm |
| Seafood and shellfish (including raw sushi and gefilte fish) | V. cholerae, Vibrio parahaemolyticus, and Vibrio vulnificus; Salmonella and Shigella species; hepatitis A and B viruses; tapeworm; anisakiasis |
| Cheese, milk | Listeria species |
| Eggs | Salmonella species |
| Mayonnaise-containing foods and cream pies | Staphylococcal and clostridial food poisonings |
| Fried rice | Bacillus cereus |
| Fresh berries | Cyclospora species |
| Canned vegetables or fruits | Clostridium species |
| Sprouts | Enterohemorrhagic E. coli, Salmonella species |
| Animal-to-person (pets and livestock) contact | Salmonella, Campylobacter, Cryptosporidium, enterohemorrhagic E. coli, and Giardia species |
| Person-to-person (including sexual) contact | All enteric bacteria, viruses, and parasites |
| Daycare center | Shigella, Campylobacter, Cryptosporidium, and Giardia species; viruses; Clostridium difficile |
| Hospitalization, antibiotics, or chemotherapy | C. difficile |
| Swimming pool | Giardia and Cryptosporidium species |
| Foreign travel | E. coli of various types; Salmonella, Shigella, Campylobacter, Giardia, and Cryptosporidium species; Entamoeba histolytica |
Adapted from Powell DW. Approach to the patient with diarrhea. In: Yamada T, Alpers DH, Owyang C, et al, eds. Textbook of Gastroenterology, 3rd ed. Philadelphia: Lippincott-Raven; 1999.