Figure 1.3.9.

(A) The monolayer formation with and without phosphorylation. The peptides in the monolayer are densely packed that block the redox species from the electrode and repulsion of phosphate groups after phosphorylation creates disruption in the order, resulting in the formation of pinhole. (B) Square wave voltammogram of 1 mM [Fe(CN)₆]³⁻ found at the peptide 1-modified gold electrode before [red (black in print versions)] and after (all others) the addition of 20,000 nM (6), 970 nM (5), 490 nM (4), 97 nM (3), 49 nM (2), and 10 nM (1) protein kinase C for 20 min. Scatter-line depicts the control experiment for Au electrode [blue (light gray in print versions)] [49].