Table 7.4.

Viruses recovered from multiple sclerosis patients

Virus	Isolation method	Reference
Rabies virus	Encephalitis in mice inoculated with brain or blood	Margulis et al. (1946) Bychkova (1964)
Herpes simplex virus	Cytopathic changes in cell culture inoculated with homogenate of brain	Gudnadottir et al. (1964)
Scrapie agent	Scrapie developed in sheep 16–21 months after inoculation with brain	Palsson et al. (1965)
Multiple sclerosis-associated agent	Decrease in polymorphonuclear cells in mice inoculated with multiple sclerosis tissue	Carp et al. (1972)
Parainfluenza virus 1	Cell cultures of brain tissue of 2 patients fused with other cells and virus recovered	ter Meulen et al. (1972)
Measles virus	Cytopathic changes in monkey kidney cells inoculated with homogenate of brain biopsy	Field et al. (1972)
Simian virus 5	Syncytia formed in MRC5 cell cultures inoculated with patients’ bone marrow cells	Mitchell et al. (1978)
Chimpanzee cytomegalovirus	Neonatal chimpanzee inoculated with brain cells of patient developed paralysis 3 years later	Wrobleska et al. (1979)
Coronavirus	Fresh unfrozen brains inoculated into mice and grown in cultured yielded virus	Burks et al. (1980)
SMON-like virus	Cytopathic changes on MRC5 inoculated with CSF	Melnick et al. (1982)
Tick-borne encephalitis virus	Blood from 2 patients inoculated intracerebrally into mice	Vagabov et al. (1982)
HTLV-I	RNA sequences in CSF cells of 4 of 8 patients	Koprowski et al. (1985)
LM7 (retrovirus)	Found in leptomeningeal cell line from CSF	Perron et al. (1989)
Herpes simplex virus, type 1	Isolated from CSF during first attack	Bergstrom et al., 1989
Human herpesvirus-6	Viral DNA in CSF of several patients	Wilborn et al. (1994)
JC virus	PCR detection of DNA in CSF	Ferrante et al. (1998)

SMON, subacute myelo-optical neuropathy; HTLV, human T lymphotropic virus; CSF, cerebrospinal fluid; PCR, polymerase chain reaction.