TABLE 20.2.

Selected Potentially Fatal Febrile Tropical Infections with Established Treatments

Infection	Treatment
Viruses
Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever	Ribavirin
Lassa fever	Ribavirin
Bacteria
Anthrax	Penicillin
Bartonellosis	Penicillin, tetracycline, chloramphenicol, or streptomycin
Brazilian purpuric fever	Ampicillin or chloramphenicol
Brucellosis	Rifampin plus doxycycline; Tetracycline plus aminoglycoside or TMP/SMX
Leptospirosis	Penicillin or ampicillin, or doxycycline
Melioidosis	Ceftazidime
Plague	Streptomycin or tetracycline
Rickettsial spotted fevers	Doxycycline
Tuberculosis	Isoniazid, rifampin, ethambutol, plus pyrazinamide
Tularemia	Streptomycin or gentamicin
Typhoid fever	Ciprofloxacin, ceftriaxone, or azithromycin
Tick typhus	Doxycycline
Parasites
Amebiasis (liver abscess)	Metronidazole followed by a luminal agent
African trypanosomiasis	Suramin or pentamidine; melarsoprol or difluoromethylornithine for central nervous system infection
Malaria	Atovaquone-proguanil; artemether-lumefantrine; artesunate or quinine or quinidine plus doxycycline
Schistosomiasis	Praziquantel (consider corticosteroids)
Visceral leishmaniasis	Sodium stibogluconate or liposomal amphotericin B

TMP/SMX, Trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole.