TABLE 58-5.

Reference Ranges for Serum Biochemical Parameters for Selected Species

Parameter	Red River Hog (Potamochoerus porcus)*	S. African Warthog (Phacochoerus africanus)†	Babirusa (Babyrousa babyrussa)†	Visayan Warty Pig (Sus celebrifons)*	Collared Peccary (Tayassu tajacua)†
Total protein (g/dL)	5.2–9	5.2–7.0	6.0–9.1	4.7–7.2	5.8–8.9
Albumin (g/dL)	2–5	3.3–4.1	3.3–5.7	4–5.7	3.1–4.7
Calcium (mg/dL)	7.5–10.60	9.0–14.4	8.8–11.9	7.6–10.2	8.0–12.2
Phosphorus (mg/dL)	3.1–8	3.4–11.8	3.2–8.3	3.5–8.4	3.5–8.3
Sodium (mEq/L)	130–150	131–154	134–154	134–144	134–160
Potassium (mEq/L)	2.7–6.0	3.4–6.9	3.5–5.5	3.2–4.9	3.5–5.5
Chloride (mEq/L)	92–115	90–110	94–112	99–109	93–115
Creatinine (mg/dL)	0.5–1.6	1.2–3.9	0.7–2.1	0.9–1.6	1.0–2.3
Urea nitrogen (mg/dL)	8.5–22.9	5–8	6–31	8–22.6	11–23
Cholesterol (mg/dL)	57–151	48–340	25–136	16–89	53–166
Glucose (mg/dL)	50–171	39–250	24–192	63–154	76–258
Total carbon dioxide (mmol/L)	8–40	18–36	13–45	21–41	8–40
ALP (IU/L)	2.2–186	11–1283	12–209	20–299	7–293
ALT (IU/L)	23–349	12–231	19–64	41–189	11–104
AST (IU/L)	6–296	7–156	4–60	7–76	18–82
GGT (IU/L)	7–123	25–145	39–137	30–65	0–21
Amylase (U/L)	9.2–3052	23–1898	60–914	778–1994	25–158
CPK (IU/L)	179–1344	227–3356	127–656	251–1893	99–2447
Uric acid (mg/dL)	0.1–3.2	0–0.3	0–1.3	0.1–1.4	0.1–0.4

ALP, alkaline phosphatase; ALT, alanine aminotransferase; AST, aspartate aminotransferase; CPK, creatine phosphokinase; g/dL, gram per deciliter; GGT, gamma glutamyltransferase; IU/L, international unit per liter; mEq/L, milliequivalent per liter; mg/dL, milligram per deciliter; mmol/L, millimole per liter.

^*Zoological Society of San Diego, San Diego Zoo Department of Pathology, Clinical Pathology Laboratory.

^†International Species Information System, August 2002.