Table 27-2.
Possible Etiologies for Pediatric Bronchiolitis Obliterans
| Post-infectious | Adenovirus types 3, 7, and 21 Influenza Parainfluenza Measles Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) Varicella Mycoplasma pneumoniae |
| Post-transplant | Chronic rejection of lung or heart/lung transplantation Graft-versus-host disease associated with bone marrow transplantation |
| Connective tissue disease | Rheumatoid arthritis Sjögren's syndrome Systemic lupus erythematosus |
| Toxic fume inhalation | NO2 NH3 |
| Chronic hypersensitivity pneumonitis | Avian antigens Mold |
| Aspiration | Stomach contents: gastroesophageal reflux Foreign bodies |
| Drugs | Penicillamine Cocaine |
| Stevens-Johnson syndrome | Idiopathic Drug-induced Infection-related |
From Moonnumakal SP, Fan LL. Bronchiolitis obliterans in children. Curr Opin Pediatr. 2008;20:272-278.