TABLE 134.5.1.

Species responsible for most deaths and morbidity resulting from snakebite.

Specific antivenoms are manufactured for the treatment of envenoming by all these species (see Table 134.5.2 and reference [11])

Area of distribution	Latin name*	English name
North America	Crotalus adamanteus	Eastern diamondback rattlesnake
	Crotalus atrox	Western diamondback rattlesnake
	Crotalus oreganus	Pacific rattlesnake
Central America	Crotalus simus	Central American rattlesnake
	Bothrops asper	Terciopelo
South America	Bothrops atrox	Common lancehead, fer-de-lance, barba amarilla
	Bothrops asper	Terciopelo
	Bothrops jararaca	Jararaca
	Crotalus durissus	South American rattlesnake
Europe	Vipera berus	Viper, adder
	Vipera ammodytes	Long-nosed viper
Africa	Echis spp.	Saw-scaled or carpet viper
	Bitis arietans	Puff adder
	Naja nigricollis, Naja mossambica, etc.	African spitting cobras
	Naja haje	Egyptian cobra
	Dendroaspis spp.	Mambas
Middle East	Echis spp.	Saw-scaled or carpet vipers
	Daboia palaestinae	Palestine viper
	Macrovipera lebetina	Levantine viper
Southeast Asia and India	Naja spp.	Asian cobras
	Bungarus caeruleus	Common krait
	Daboia russelii	Western Russell's viper
	Daboia siamensis	Eastern Russell's viper
	Echis carinatus	Saw-scaled or carpet viper
	Calloselasma	Malayan pit viper
	(Agkistrodon) rhodostoma
	Cryptelytrops (Trimeresurus) spp.	Green pit vipers
Far East	Naja atra	Chinese cobra
	Bungarus multicinctus	Chinese krait
	Gloydius spp.	Mamushis
	Protobothrops flavoviridis	Habu
	Protobothrops mucrosquamatus	Chinese habu
Australasia	Acanthophis species	Death adders
	Notechis scutatus	Tiger snake
	Oxyuranus scutellatus	Taipan
	Pseudonaja textilis	Eastern brown snake

^*Scientific (Latin) names are important because they are used internationally to describe the range of specificity of antivenoms.