TABLE 134.6-1.
Viruses, bacteria, fungi and parasites that have been isolated from bats and are capable of causing human disease.
| Human pathogen | Bat vector/reservoir | Geographical area |
|---|---|---|
| Viruses | ||
| Orthoreoviruses | ||
| Melaka* Pulau, Kampar | Pteropodidae | Malaysia |
| Orthobunyaviruses | ||
| Kaeng Khoi | Molossidae | Thailand, Cambodia |
| Phleboviruses | ||
| Toscana | Vespertilionidae | Mediterranean |
| Coronaviruses | Pteropodidae, Rhinolophidae, Phyllostomidae, Vespertilionidae | China, Brazil |
| Filoviruses | ||
| Marburg, Ebola* | Pteropodidae, Rhinopholidae | Uganda, Gabon, Democratic Republic of Congo |
| Flaviviruses | ||
| Dengue Ilheus Japanese encephalitis Kyasanur Forest Rio Bravo virus St Louis encephalitis West Nile Yellow fever |
Pteropodidae, Phyllostomidae Mormoopidae, Phyllostomidae Rhinolophidae, Vespertilionidae Pteropodidae, Rhinolophidae Molossidae Molossidae, Mormoopidae, Phyllostomidae, Natalidae Pteropodidae, Vepertilionidae Molossidae, Mormoopidae |
Costa Rica, Ecuador, south China Latin America Japan, Taiwan India USA, Mexico, Trinidad, Guatemala, Brazil USA, Guatemala, Trinidad India, USA Ethiopia |
| Influenza viruses | Pteropodidae, Megadermatidae, Vespertilionidae | Kazakhstan |
| Paramyxoviruses | Pteropodidae | |
| Hendra* | Australia | |
| Nipah* | Southeast Asia | |
| Menangle* | Australia | |
| Lyssaviruses | ||
| Genotype I Classic rabies* Genotype 4 Duvenhage virus* Genotype 5 European bat lyssavirus-1* Genotype 6 European bat lyssavirus-2* Genotype 7 Australian bat lyssavirus* |
Ptropodidae, Molossidae, Phyllostomidae, Vespertilionidae Vespertilionidae Pteropodidae, Molossidae, Rhinolophidae Vestpertilionidae Pteropodidae, Emballonuridae |
India, Americas South Africa, Kenya Europe Europe Australia |
| Alphaviruses | ||
| Chikungunya Eastern equine encephalitis Venezuelan equine encephalomyelitis Western equine encephalitis |
Vespertilionidae Emballonuridae, Phyllostomidae PhyllostomidaePhyllostomidae, Vespertilionidae |
Senegal Latin America Mexico, Guatemala, Ecuador, Panama, USA, Panama, USA, Colombia |
| Bacteria | ||
|
Borrelia johnsonii Leptospira Brucella |
Vespertilionidae (Eptesicus fuscus) Phyllostomidae, Pteropodidae Desmodus rotundus |
Iowa, USA (in Carios kelleyi bat ticks) Brazil, Peru, Trinidad, Australia Brazil |
| Fungi | ||
| Histoplasma capsulatum |
Mormoopidae, Vespertilionidae, Natilidae Phyllostomidae |
Panama, Mexico, Colombia, Trinidad, USA |
| Scopulariopsis, Geomyces, Trichophyton, Aphanoascus, Myceliophthora, Chrysosporium spp. | Rhinolophidae, Vespertilionidae | Mexico, Colombia, France |
Evidence of direct or indirect bat to human transmission is documented in cases marked *, but varies with the other pathogens