TABLE 59-1.
Microbial Causes of Acute Pharyngitis
| PATHOGEN | ASSOCIATED DISORDER(S) |
|---|---|
| Bacteria | |
| Streptococcus, group A | Pharyngitis, tonsillitis, scarlet fever |
| Streptococcus, groups C and G | Pharyngitis, tonsillitis |
| Mixed anaerobes | Vincent's angina |
| Fusobacterium necrophorum | Pharyngitis, tonsillitis, Lemierre syndrome |
| Neisseria gonorrhoeae | Pharyngitis, tonsillitis |
| Corynebacterium diphtheria | Diphtheria |
| Arcanobacterium haemolyticum | Pharyngitis, scarlatiniform rash |
| Yersinia pestis | Plague |
| Francisella tularensis | Tularemia, oropharyngeal form |
| Treponema pallidum | Secondary syphilis |
| Viruses | |
| Rhinovirus | Common cold |
| Coronavirus | Common cold |
| Adenovirus | Pharyngoconjunctival fever |
| Herpes simplex type 1 and 2 | Pharyngitis, gingivostomatitis |
| Parainfluenza | Cold, croup |
| Enteroviruses | Herpangina, hand-foot-mouth disease |
| Epstein-Barr virus | Infectious mononucleosis |
| Cytomegalovirus | CMV mononucleosis |
| Human immunodeficiency virus | Primary HIV infection |
| Influenza A and B | Influenza |
| Respiratory syncytial virus | Cold, bronchiolitis, pneumonia |
| Human metapneumovirus | Cold, bronchiolitis, pneumonia |
| Mycoplasma | |
| Mycoplasma pneumoniae | Pneumonia, bronchitis, pharyngitis |
| Chlamydia | |
| Chlamydia psittaci | Acute respiratory disease, pneumonia |
| Chlamydia pneumoniae | Pneumonia, pharyngitis |
CMV, cytomegalovirus; HIV, human immunodeficiency virus.
Modified from Alcaide ML, Bisno AL. Pharyngitis and epiglottitis. Infect Dis Clin North Am. 2007;21:449-469, vii; with permission.