TABLE 79.6.
Cell Substrates Used in Current U.S.-Licensed Vaccines
| Type | Substrate | Vaccine |
|
|---|---|---|---|
| Live | Inactivated | ||
| Animal tissues |
Mouse brain | Japanese encephalitis virus | |
| Chicken eggs | Influenza, yellow fever virus | Influenza | |
| Continuous cell lines (non-tumorigenic) | African green monkey cells (Vero) | Smallpox, rotavirus | Poliovirus, Japanese encephalitis virus |
| Diploid cells |
Human MRC-5 cells | Varicella, varicella-zoster | Hepatitis A, rabies, poliovirus |
| Human WI-38 cells | Rubella, adenovirus types 4 and 7 | ||
| Primary cell cultures |
Chick embryo fibroblasts (CEFs) | Measles, mumps | Rabies |
| Madin-Darby canine kidney (MDCK) cells | Influenza vaccine | ||
| Insect cells |
Trichoplusia ni | Human papillomavirus | |
| Spodoptera frugiperda | Influenza vaccine | ||
| Yeast | Saccharomyces cerevisiae | Hepatitis B, human papillomavirus | |