TABLE 47-2.

Combinations of Injectable Anesthetic Agents Used in Felids

Generic Name	Dose (mg/kg)	Route	Antagonist	Comments
Ketamine	0.2–2.0	IV or IM	N/A	Not recommended if used alone, best for supplementation or maintenance of anesthesia
Ketamine Xylazine	3.0–10.0 0.3–1.0	IM	N/A Yohimbine	May need to use higher dosages than those listed for small felids
Ketamine Medetomidine (or dexmedetomidine)	2.0–6.0 0.03–0.07 (0.015–0.035)	IM IM	N/A Atipamezole	Supplements may be needed after 45–50 minutes
Ketamine Midazolam	5.0–10.0 0.1–0.3	IM IM	N/A Flumazenil	Use in small felids or debilitated cats Flumazenil may not be necessary
Ketamine Midazolam Butorphanol	3.0–5.0 0.1–0.3 0.1–0.4	IM IM IM	N/A Flumazenil Naltrexone	Use in small felids or debilitated cats Not recommended for healthy large felids Flumazenil may not be necessary
Tiletamine Zolazepam	1.6–4.2 or up to 11.0 in small felids (combined)	IM	N/A	Prolonged recovery Use with caution in tigers Can reduce dosage by adding ketamine or medetomidine
Medetomidine (or dexmedetomidine) Butorphanol Midazolam	0.03–0.04 (0.015–0.02) 0.1–0.4 0.1–0.3		Atipamezole Naltrexone Flumazenil	Spontaneous recoveries after 40–50 minutes Supplements needed for procedures >30 minutes Flumazenil may not be necessary
Ketamine Medetomidine (or dexmedetomidine) Butorphanol Midazolam	1.0–2.0 0.03–0.04 (0.015–0.02) 0.1–0.4 0.1–0.3	IM or IV IM IM IM	N/A Atipamezole Naltrexone Flumazenil	Ketamine may also be given intravenously soon after induction May get spontaneous arousal Flumazenil may not be necessary

IV, Intravenously; IM, intramuscularly; N/A, not applicable; dosages for antagonists listed in text of chapter.