| Differentialdiagnose | Ausschlussmaßnahmen |
| Linkskardiale Ursache (Shuntvitien, linksventrikuläre Störungen wie Mitralvitien und myogene Insuffizienz) | Anamnese, Auskultation, EKG, Echokardiographie, Röntgen-Thorax, Herzkatheter |
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