Table 59-3.
Common Viral Respiratory Infections
| Virus | Types | Principal Syndromes | Virus Detection Methods | Specific Therapy | Vaccines |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Influenza | A, B, C | Classic “flu”, bronchitis URI, pneumonia, bronchiolitis, croup | Culture, Ag detection, RT-PCR | Oseltamivir, zanamivir (A, B) Amantadine/rimantadine (A) | Inactivated virus, subunit; cold-adapted, live-attenuated virus; investigational (DNA, with adjuvant) |
| RSV | A, B | URI, bronchiolitis, croup, bronchitis, pneumonia | Culture, Ag detection, RT-PCR | Ribavirin, immunoglobulin; palivizumab for prophylaxis | Investigational (subunit; live attenuated) |
| PIV | 1, 2, 3, 4 | URI, croup, bronchiolitis, bronchitis, pneumonia | Culture, Ag detection, RT-PCR | Ribavirin* | Investigational (live attenuated) |
| HRV | >100 | URI; exacerbation asthma/COPD | Culture, RT-PCR | Pleconaril* | None |
| ADV | 49 | URI, PCF, bronchitis, pneumonia | Culture, Ag detection, PCR | Cidofovir* | Live oral vaccine (types 4 and 7) |
| HCoV | OC43, 299E, NL (NH) | URI, bronchitis, pneumonia | Culture, RT-PCR | None | None |
| SARS-CoV | 1 | SARS | Culture, RT-PCR | Interferon-alfa* | None |
| HMPV | A, B | URI, bronchiolitis, pneumonia | Culture, RT-PCR | Ribavirin* | None |
ADV, adenovirus; Ag, antigen; Flu, influenza virus; HCoV, human coronavirus; HMPV, human metapneumovirus; HRV, human rhinovirus; PCF, pharyngo-conjunctival fever; PIV, parainfluenza virus; RSV, respiratory syncytial virus; RT-PCR, reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction; SARS, severe acute respiratory syndrome; SARS-CoV, Coronavirus associated with SARS; URI, upper respiratory infection.
*
Investigational use.